Sex Differences Chapter 13, Hyde Next time: Self Chapter 13Jen

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Sex Differences (Chapter 13, Hyde)Next time
Self (Chapter 13Jen)
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Call for PapersSpecial Issue Executive
Function A special issue of the Journal of
Experimental Child Psychology, guest-edited by
Stephanie M. Carlson, will be devoted to
empirical research articles investigating the
development of executive function. Executive
function, which refers to the conscious control
of thought, action, and emotion, is an
increasingly important and exciting area of
research that bridges several major aspects of
development. We encourage contributions
investigating developmental changes in behavioral
and/or neurocognitive aspects of executive
function in childhood, such as   
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Developmental patterns in the unity and
diversity of executive control processes, such as
hot (affective) and cool (relatively
non-affective) executive functionIndividual
differences in executive function, and their
antecedents (e.g., early experience language
development/bilingualism), concurrent correlates
(e.g., theory of mind decision-making), and
sequelae (e.g., school readiness peer
relations)  Psychophysiological studies,
including stress, physical growth, and genetic or
behavioral genetic approaches Comparisons of
typical and atypical development samples
 Cultural/cross-cultural studies
 Comparative studies (e.g., executive function
in nonhuman primates)  Neural correlates
(e.g., electrophysiological and
functional/structural MRI studies).  
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New Directions for Child and Adolescent
Development, 123
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Sex Differences (Chapter 13, Hyde)Next time
Self (Chapter 13Jen)
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Gender-Role Development Issues

• Sex differences
• Variations in sex typing
• Cognitions
• Determinants

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Meta-Analysis Application of quantitative
methods to combining evidence from different
studies
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Meta-Analysis

• Significance tests
• Effect size
• Important variables

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Hyde Meta-Analyses

• Mathematics performance
• Mathematics attitudes and affect
• Verbal abilities
• Cognitive abilities

• Aggression
• Moral orientation
• Self-esteem
• Sexuality

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Specific Measures

• Target Self-Other
• Question Preference/Attitude-Knowledge
• Domain Activities-Traits-Occupations
• Scale Unidimensional-Multidimensional

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Measurement Options

• Observations Natural Setting
  Laboratory Setting
• Verbal Report Child Other

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Lamb, Easterbrooks, Holden (1980)
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Sex-Role Learning Index (SERLI)Edelbrock
Sugawara (1978)
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Pre-School Activities Inventory (Golombok Rust
(1993)
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ToysGunsJewelleryTool SetDollsTrains, cars,
or airplanesSwordsTea setActivitiesPlaying
housePlaying with girlsPretending to be a
female characterPlaying at having a male
occupationFightingPretending to be a family
characterSports and ball gamesClimbingPlaying
at taking care of babiesShowing interest in real
cars, trains, and airplanesDressing up in
girlish clothes
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CharacteristicsLikes to explore new
surroundingsEnjoys rough and tumble playShows
interest in snakes, spiders, or insectsAvoids
getting dirtyLikes pretty thingsAvoids taking
risks
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Childrens Sex-Role Inventory (Boldizar, 1991)
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I am an honest person.I can take care of
myself.I like to help others.I am a gentle
person.I feel shy around new people.I am sure
of my abilities.I am good at sports.It makes me
feel bad when someone else is feeling bad.I am
good at taking charge of things.I usually get
things done on time.Im good at understanding
other peoples problems.I am faithful to my
friends.
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Liben., L. S., Bigler, R. (2002). The
developmental course of gender differentiation.
Monographs of the Society for Research in Child
Development, 67(2, Serial No. 269)
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Liben Bigler

• OAT-PM
• OAT-AM
• COAT-PM
• COAT-AM

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build with tools baby-sitgo fishing do
gymnasticsjump rope wash a car use a
microscope make jewelrywash clothes play
chessballet dancer doctor airplane
pilot school principal auto
mechanic school teacherinterior
decorator secretary fire fighter librarian
adventurous emotionalaffectionate
aggressive gentle
dominant neat good at math good at
sports good at English
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Examples of Questions from the Slaby and Frey
Gender Constancy TestWhen you were a little
baby, were you a little girl or a little
boy?Were you ever a little opposite sex of
first response?When you grow up, will you be a
mommy or a daddy?Could you ever be a opposite
sex of first response?If you wore opposite sex
of child, i.e. boys or girls clothes,
would you be a girl or a boy?If you wore
opposite sex of child clothes, would you be a
opposite sex of first response?If you played
opposite sex of child games, would you be a
girl or a boy?If you played opposite sex of
child games, would you be a opposite sex of
first response?Could you be a opposite sex of
child if you wanted to be?
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Bem, S. (1989). Genital knowledge and gender
constancy in preschool children. Child
Development, 60, 649-662.