SCIAMACHY on ENVISAT

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SCIAMACHY on ENVISAT S. Noël, H. Bovensmann,J.
Carpay, C. Chlebek, A. Goede, C. Muller, J. P.
Burrows On behalf of the SCIAMACHY Science
Team University of Bremen FB1,
Institute of Environmental Physics, P.O. Box 33
04 40, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. The funding of
the SCIAMACHY activities by BMBF, DLR, ESA and EU
is kindly acknowledged
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Acknowledgements

• IUP University of Heidelberg U. Platt, T.
  Wagner, K. Pfeilsticker, I Pundt
• Max Planck Institute für Chemie P. J. Crutzen,
  Dieter Perner, Mark Lawrence
• Max Planck Institut für Meteorologie C. Granier,
  M. Schulz, G. Brasseur
• DLR- Oberpfaffenhofen IAP U. Schumann, G. Ehret,
  M. Dameris, A. Laur, J. Herland, V. Eyring,
  IMF D. Loyola, M. Bittner, A. von Bargen, M.
  Gottwald
• NASA GSFC E. Hilsenrath, J. Gleason, P. K.
  Bhartia, S. Janz, R. McPeters, A. Thompson
• KNMI A. Goede, H. Kelder, A. Piters, P. Stammes
  
• SRON I. Aben, G. Lichtenberg, R. Hoogeveen
• BIRA C. Muller, M. van Roezendael, J.-C. Lambert
  
• RAL B. J. Kerridge R. Siddams
• University of Leicester P. Monks, G. Corlett
• University of Cambridge N. Savage, R. A. Cox,
  J. Pyle
• University of Oslo I. Isaksen
• CNRS C. Granier, K. Law, M. Beekmann, J. Orphal,
  J.M. Flaud
• NILU B. Arlander, G. Braathen, O. Hov
• University of Saskatchewan E. J. Llewellyn and
  colleagues
• ESA J. Frerick, R. Koopmann, P. Dubock
• IUP University of Bremen A. Richter, M.
  Buchwitz, M. Weber, N. Sheode, G. Rohen

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SCIAMACHY History

• 03-1985 MAP (Measurement of Atmospheric
  Pollution) proposal idea to ESA for EURECA no
  significant agency response - ignored
• 05-1985 Stratospheric Ozone hole observed
  by Farman et al. (Nature)
• 1985 1988 Submission of the SCIAMACHY
  proposal, supported by Germany to
• ESA for the Polar Platform, now ENVISAT.
• 1988 Proposal of SCIA-mini for ERS-2
• 1989 Descope of SCIA-mini to GOME (Global Ozone
  Monitoring Experiment)
• 1989 2002 Design and Development of SCIAMACHY
  as German/Dutch/Belgian
• contribution to ENVISAT
• 20.04.1995 Launch of ERS-2 with GOME
• 12-1998 Proposal of GeoSCIA to ESA recommended
  for further study
• 1997-2000 Selection of GOME-2 for the EUMETSAT
  operational series Metop
• and OMI for AURA
• 28.02.2002 Launch of ENVISAT with SCIAMACHY on
  board.
• 15.07.2004 AURA launch with OMI on board
• June 2006 MetOp launch with GOME-2 on board

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SCIAMACHY on ENVISAT
SCIAMACHY Scanning Imaging Absorption
spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY

• UV-Vis-NIR imaging spectrometer 240 - 2380 nm
  (GOME 240 800 nm)
• Moderate spectral resolution 0.2 1.5 nm
• Nadir spatial resolution 30 ? 60 km2 (GOME-1 40
  x 320 km2, GOME-2 40 x 80 km2 )
• over 8000 channels (GOME 4000)
• Nadir, limb scattering and solar lunar
  occultation measurements
• Absorption spectroscopy is applied to derive
  trace gas distributions of O3, NO2, SO2, HCHO,
  BrO, OClO, H2O, CO, CO2, CH4 etc. in the
  troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere

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Instrument Status

• Instrument works in a stable configuration since
  August 2002
• Spectrometer shows very high spectral stability
• Degradation in the UV is approx. 2/year (less
  than 0.5 in other channels), nearly an order of
  magnitude smaller than observed with GOME-1
• SCIAMACHY shows no signs of mechanism degradation
• Radiometric calibration is now within 3 in the
  UV-Vis
• Ice on channels 7 (2 µm) and 8 (2.3 µm) is
  becoming stable in 2005
• Limb tangent height offset correction to be
  implemented in next processor version

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SCIAMACHY On-Duty
Nominal Measurement Decontamination Reduced Measurement OCM or ENVISAT"off" SCIAMACHY "off"
2002 74,5 12,4 7,4 5,8
2003 81,6 10,2 4,4 3,8
2004 89,4 7,7 0,4 2,4
2005until Nov. 97,6 0,9 0,4 1,1

• SCIAMACHY duty cycle improved throughout the
  mission
• ENVISAT mission extension (hydrazine limited) to
  2010 proposed
• SCIAMACHY can be operated at least until 2010
• Some modifications of in-flight calibration
  strategy underway to assure that critical
  life-limited mechanisms can be kept alive until
  2012

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Nadir Geometry

• Horizontal resolution across track
• 30 - 240 km(60 km typ. )
• 960 km swath
• Horizontal resolution along track
• 30 km
• Observation optimised to match limb with nadir
  measurements
• Global coverage 6 days(with alternating limb
  nadir measurments)

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Nadir Products

• UV/Vis
• Basically the continuation of the GOME data set
  of
• stratospheric O3, NO2, BrO, OClO
• tropospheric O3, NO2, BrO, SO2, HCHO, H2O
• with some improvements
• better spatial resolution (up to 30 x 30 km2)
• limb-nadir matching
• less spectral undersampling
• reduced polarisation dependency
• improved diffuser for solar irradiance
  measurements
• NIR/SWIR
• Completely new covering the tropospheric gases
  CO, CO2, CH4

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Examples of SCIAMACHY UV/Vis Data Products
See talks by A. Richter, H. J. Eskes
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Methane from SCIAMACHY Aug-Nov 2003
See talk by J.F. Meirink
Frankenberg et al., Science, 2005
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Pollution observed by SCIAMACHY

• Separation of sources
• biomass burning
• coal burning
• transport / other fossil fuel combustion

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Limb Measurements

• Vertical resolution at tangent point 3 km
• horizontal resolution in azimuth 240 km (120 km
  min.)
• horizontal resolution in flight direction 400
  km
• Global coverage 6 days at the equator
• Mispointing (elevation, 1-3 km at tangent point)
  correction in preparation

See talks by K.-U. Eichmann, D. Lolkema
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Scientific products in limb viewing
Vertical distributions of atmospheric species
Target species Spectral range Altitude range
O3 UV, Visible 12 65 km
NO2 Visible 14 - 42 km
BrO UV 14 30 km
OClO UV 16 25 km
H2O and CH4 Near Infrared UTLS region
Other products

• Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) detection
• Noctilucent clouds (NLCs) detection
• OH rotational temperatures in at the mesopause

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Stratosphere First global BrO profile data set
September 24, 2002 (43oN,0oE)
Zonal Average September 2002
Sinnhuber et al., GRL, 2005.
See talk by N. Sheode
TRIPLE Balloon FZ Jülich SCIAMACHY BrO
IFE/IUP
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Mesosphere Ozone Depletion during SPE 2003

50 km
Interhemispheric differences due to Lyman-? (121
nm) dissociation of H2O
Rohen et al., JGR, 2005.
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Solar Activity from SCIAMACHY (and GOME)

• Solar Data Products
• Solar irradiance (240 2380 nm)
• Mg II Index
• Ca II Index
• Composite Mg II index from GOME, SCIAMACHY,
  SUSIM, and SBUV/NOA

Weber 1998, Viereck et al. 2004, Skupin et al.
2004
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Summary

• SCIAMACHY is performing extremely well
• Mission can be extended at least up to 2010
• SCIAMACHY provides global data sets of
  atmospheric pollutants, green- house gases as
  well as stratospheric and mesospheric species,
  especially
• First global BrO profiles
• First global CH4 columns including boundary layer
• First global CO2 columns including boundary layer
• Continuation of GOME data sets (O3, NO2, SO2,
  BrO, HCHO, H2O)
• With GOME-2/MetOp continuity of these data sets
  until 2020
• See http//www.sciamachy.de and
  http//envisat.esa.int
• Open issues
• Continuity of greenhouse gas measurements (esp.
  CH4)
• Continuity of global limb profiling capability
• High temporal and horizontal resolution (from
  geostationary platform)