A QUICK REMINDER OF THE MAIN THEMES OF MEDICINE THROUGH TIME

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A QUICK REMINDER OF THE MAIN THEMES OF MEDICINE
THROUGH TIME

• What are the 3 themes present in each period?
• Progress (or regress!) in Public Health
• Knowledge of the Causes Cures of disease
• Developments in Surgery Anatomy

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What were the key events, individuals turning
points within each theme?
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Public Health
MASSIVE GROWTH OF CITIES
Weak govt. Health is not a priority Laissez-faire
attitude Poor water waste No planned housing
POPULATION GROWTH LEADS TO SAME PROBLEMS GETTING
WORSE
NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE ACT 1948
CHADWICK
1848 PUBLIC HEALTH ACT NOT Compulsory!
Progress?
NATIONAL INSURANCE ACT 1911
SNOW
CHOLERA KEEPS COMING BACK
HEALTH CARE DEVELOPMENTS TAKE OFF!!
GREAT PLAGUE
GERM THEORY 1861
1875 PUBLIC HEALTH ACT DEATH OF LAISSEZ-FAIRE
CHARLES IIs GOVT LEAVES LONDON!
BLACK DEATH
Medieval
Industrial Rev
Renaissance
1900 ?
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Medical Knowledge
CURES - DNA
(Causes Cures)
MIASMA, 4 HUMOURS ETC.
CURES - PENICILLIN
OLD IDEAS CONTINUE BUT WITH SOME DEVELOPMENT OF
HERBAL REMEDIES. SUPERNATURAL IDEAS SLOWLY
WEAKENING
CURES - MAGIC BULLETS
Progress?
PREVENTION - VACCINATIONS UNDERSTOOD!
NATURAL
X-Rays
SUPERNATURAL
KOCH IDENTIFIES HUMAN GERMS
DEVELOPMENTS TAKE OFF!!
GOD e.g. FLAGELLANTS ASTROLOGY
GERM THEORY 1861
GREAT PLAGUE
PREVENTION BEGUN BUT NOT UNDERSTOOD!
JENNER - SMALLPOX
CHARLES II FALLS ILL
BLACK DEATH
Medieval
Industrial Rev
Renaissance
1900 ?
4 HUMOURS e.g. bleeding and purging
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Surgery anatomy
VESALIUS PROVED GALEN WRONG (The heart!)
TRANSPLANTS
MICRO-SURGERY
GALENS IDEAS ON HUMAN ANATOMY WERE ACCEPTED
COMPLETELY
HARVEY BUILT ON STRENGTHENED VESALIUS WORK
(Circulation)
Progress?
PENICILLIN
DEVELOPMENTS TAKE OFF!!
WW2
HUMAN DISSECTION WAS NOW WIDELY ACCEPTED
HUMAN DISSECTION WAS FORBIDDEN BY THE CHURCH
X-Rays
ASEPTICS
WW1
LISTER
BOILING OIL
OINTMENT
ANTISEPTICS
LIGATURES
GERM THEORY 1861
CAUTERISATION
SIMPSON
PARE
ANAESTHETICS
Medieval
Industrial Rev
Renaissance
1900 ?
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1. Timing
KEEP A CLOSE EYE ON THE CLOCK. Allow enough time
for each question. 1 mark 1.5 mins Essays
15marks 22/23 mins Always leave enough time for
your CONCLUSIONS.
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2. Understand the question

• Read the question and underline the key words
  in it so you are clear about its focus
• eg. Why was so there so much progress in the
  prevention of disease after 1861?

Focus is on MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE
What were the CAUSES/FACTORS?
What is the significance of this DATE?
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For questions worth 10 marks or more
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3. Plan your ideas

• Brainstorm all the Points you will need to raise
  in your answer.
• Check back through points ? are they all
  Relevant?(e.g. Check date)
• Organise your answer into an order ? are there
  any links between your points?
• Decide on your conclusion so your answer has
  direction

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So just to remind you
1 Timing 1mark 1.5 mins. Essays 22/23 mins
2 Understand or decode the question. What is
the focus, what are the date boundaries?
3 Plan your answer brainstorm points, organise
points, decide concluding point.
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GOOD LUCK
You have worked hard for two years. Now is your
chance to show off your skills and knowledge!