Medication Administration Basic Principles

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Medication AdministrationBasic Principles
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Drugs

• Nomenclature (Name)
• Chemical name
• Generic name
• Official name
• Trade Name

• Preparation
• Classification

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Mechanics of drug action

• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Absorption
• Route of administration
• Drug solubility
• Distribution
• Metabolism
• Excretion

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Factors Affecting Drug Action

• Developmental
• Weight
• Psychological
• Pathology
• Time of Administration

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Adverse drug effects

• Side effects
• Adverse effects
• Drug allergy
• Drug tolerance
• Cumulative effect
• Interaction
• antagonistic
• synergistic

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Medication Orders

• Standing
• PRN
• Single
• STAT

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Parts of the Order

• Patient name
• Date and time
• Drug name
• Drug dosage

• Route
• Frequency
• Signature

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Problems with Orders

• Allergies
• Steps
• Drug book
• Pharmacist
• Physician
• Supervisor

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Medication Supply Systems

• Stock
• Unit dose

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Drug Administration

• 3 checks
• obtaining the container
• removing the med
• replacing the container

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6 Rights

• Right drug
• Right patient
• Right dose
• Right route
• Right time
• Documentation

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Avoiding Errors

• Prepare drugs alone
• Dont leave drugs alone
• Prepare and administer
• Lock med cart
• Supervise swallowing

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Steps in Administration

• 3 checks
• 6 rights
• Assessment
• Patient position

• Fluids
• Keep meds in wrappers
• Offer separately

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Administering Narcotics

• Definition
• Record
• Patient name
• Amount
• Time

• Physician
• Nurse signature
• Waste/witness
• Count
• Discrepancies

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Documentation

• Legal record
• When to record
• Information
• med name
• dosage
• route
• time

• nurse initials
• nurse signature
• site of injection
• other information
• Omitted drugs
• reason
• notify MD
• Refused drugs

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Medication Errors

• Reasons for occurrence
• Steps if error takes place

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Oral medications

• Systemic and local actions
• Forms
• solids
• enteric coated
• liquids

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Sublingual

• Systemic effects
• Under tongue
• Buccal
• cheek and gum

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Topical

• Systemic and local effects
• Skin
• Technique
• Transdermal drug patches
• Eye instillation
• drops
• lower conjunctival sac
• ointments

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Transdermal drug patches
Source Nursing made Incredibly Easy, Vol. 5, No.
2, pg.18
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Topical

• Ear instillations
• straighten canal
• Nasal instillations
• position
• Vaginal applications
• technique
• Rectal instillations
• technique

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Inhalation

• Types of drugs
• Technique