PSYCHOLOGY

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PSYCHOLOGY

• MENTAL DISORDERS
• CHAPTER 18

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ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR (actions on a regular basis)

• Person who suffers from extreme anxiety, endless
  worry, long periods of depression
• Bizarre behavior misinterpret the actions and
  words of others, fall apart over minor things
• Unable to perform daily activities
• Perceives the world as a threatening environment

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Types of Mental Disorders

• Anxiety generalized feeling of apprehension and
  dread which causes bodily reactions (sweat, heart
  pounding, etc.)
• Types of Anxiety
• Panic disorder
• Phobic disorders (list on page 509)
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder

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PANIC DISORDER

• Cannot relax overwhelming feelings of anxiety
• Usually starts randomly with physical reactions
• Once one has occurred, panic attacks will repeat
  themselves
• Can lead to phobias
• Specific dogs, height, elevators
• Agoraphobia fear of leaving familiar
  environment
• Causes association and learning from past
  experience

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OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER

• Obsession constant thoughts about performing a
  certain act
• Compulsive Behavior (acting out your obsession)
• Causes inability to resolve guilt, anxiety,
  insecurity can be caused by a chemical imbalance

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SOMATOFORM DISORDER

• Psychology issues expressed in bodily symptoms
• There is no actual physical problem
• Two types
• 1. Conversion serious psychological trauma is
  changed into a symbolic physical dysfunction
• Example Witness a terrible human torture
  become frozen with fear, visual system shuts down
  can no longer see
• 2. Hypochondriasis (hypochondriac) excessive
  concerns about health

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DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS

• Amnesia traumatic events disappear from
  memory
• Selecting Forgetting forgetting only things
  that are very traumatic
• Fugue condition of having amnesia for ones
  current life and starting a new one somewhere
  else
• Dissociative identity disorder (multiple
  personality) personal identity
• Separate personalities act independently from the
  others
• Rare disorder
• Causes history of very traumatic experiences
  childhood abuse
• Dominant or stronger personality knows about the
  weaker, but not the other way around
• Not considered schizophrenic because this
  disorder doesnt have trouble thinking or
  communicating

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MOOD DISORDERS

• Three types
• Depression
• Mania (bipolar up and down mood swings)
• Extreme agitation
• Restlessness
• Rapid speech
• Trouble concentrating
• Delusions about ones power and influence
• Flight of ideas-thoughts and speech go in all
  directions with no unifying concept
• Schizophrenia
• Causes
• Lifetime of separations, losses, unpleasant
  things
• Poor self image
• Feel responsible for bad events
• Chemical imbalance due to Serotonin-high (mania)
  or low (depression)
• Hereditary

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PSYCHOSIS OR PSYCHOTIC DISORDER

• Severe mental disorder involving disorganized
  thought processes
• Confused and extreme emotional responses
• Distorted perceptions of reality
• Periods of psychotic behavior can alternate with
  periods of calm and coherence (comes in cycles)
• Dopamine brain chemical that causes speech and
  thoughts if too much it can lead to
  schizophrenia

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FOUR TYPES OF PSYCHOSIS

• Serious distortion of mental processes (hard to
  understand what they are saying or thinking
• Hallucinating seeing or hearing something that
  is not present
• Delusion belief in something that is not true
• Inappropriate emotional responses laugh at
  tragic events

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SCHIZOPHRENIC DISORDERS

• Only affects about 1 of population
• Appears in late adolescence or early adulthood
• One third have only one episode and get better
• One third have severe symptoms and do not respond
  to treatment
• One third are in and out of institutions
• Garbled speech, hallucinations, delusions,
  disorganized thoughts
• WORD SALAD words mixed together-incoherent
• Example Sometimes it feels and smells like
  someone has screwed a quarter-pound hamburger
  into my head and arms and legs and if you shine a
  headlight inside it will drill you.
  
  
• CLANG ASSOCIATION psychotic speech in which
  words are rhymed.
• Example You wear clothes and how much does this
  watch cost? Have you a sister? I have three and
  they are all fine girls, curls, furls, isnt that
  funny? The clang comes with girls, curls,
  furls.

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Three Types of Schizophrenia

• Catatonic
• Disturbance of movement
• May not speak or say little
• Person is in a stupor
• Paranoid
• feelings of suspicion and persecution
• Grandiose beliefs-superhuman power
• Undifferentiated
• lacks any distinguishing symptoms

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DYSTHYMIC DISORDERModerate Depression
4-12 affected Called the common cold of mental
health Usually clears up without
treatment Symptoms lack of energy, sadness,
loss of interest in activities, people, loss of
sense of humor Common after the loss of a loved
one How do you know when it is not normal? Lasts
too long Appears out of nowhere
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MAJOR DEPRESSION

• Extremely low emotional state
• Loss of appetite and energy
• Hopelessness
• Suicidal thoughts
• Very slow speech
• Inability to carry out simple daily tasks

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SCHIZOPHRENIA (a psychosis)Thought disorders

• Catatonic schizophrenia hallucinations,
  delusions
• Paranoid schizophrenia inappropriate emotions
• Undifferentiated lacks any distinguishing
  symptoms

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PERSONALITY DISORDERS

• Antisocial personality (sociopath, psycopath)
  criminal behavior, lack of guilt
• Borderline personality dependency,
  possessiveness

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ANTI-SOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER (SOCIOPATH,
PSYCOPATH)

• Constant conflict with the law
• Lack of conscience
• Drugs or psychological treatment do not help
• Causes
• Family history of neglect
• Abusive or alcoholic parents
• For some no real answer

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BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER

• Intense and unstable relationships
• Very dependent on other people
• Very insecure and clingy
• Use self-destruction to manipulate others
• Very possessive
• May make suicide threats
• Unstable emotions
• Causes
• Tends to run in families is it biology or
  association and learning?
• Difficult to treat in psychotherapy-person is
  usually suspicious or manipulative
• Person has trouble developing working
  relationship with therapist-often switch from one
  to another