PowerPointPrsentation

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European Conference on Quality in Survey
Statistics Cardiff 24-26 April, 2006   How to
Measure Education in Cross-National Comparison A
Matrix for Measure Education as a New
Instrument   by Juergen H.P. Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik,
ZUMA, Mannheim/Germany Uwe Warner, CEPS/INSTEAD,
Differdange/Luxembourg
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• structure
• 1. Measurement instruments for cross-national
  comparison
• - Years of Schooling
• - International Standard Classification of
  Educations
• 2. Three examples for national educational
  systems Germany, Denmark, Luxembourg
• 3. Problems of misclassification
• 4. The Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik/Warner-Matrix of
  Education
• HZ/W-Matrix of Education application to GER,
  DEN, LUX
• HZ/W-Matrix of Education the validity

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Measurement instruments for cross-national
comparison Years of Schooling ESS, round 1,
question F7 How many years of full-time
education have you completed?ISSP is asking
about years (of full time) schooling including
university but not vocational trainingGSS (US),
asks about grades and years of college Sowi
(D) In which age you left general school?
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International Standard Classification of
Education ISCED 1997 UNESCO
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Three examples for national educational
systems - educational system of Germany -
educational system of Denmark - educational
system of Luxembourg
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Education in Germany Compulsory education lasts
for 9 years. From their 6th year of age on
children attend "Grundschule" for 4 years. After
that they can choose about three types of
secundary school "Hauptschule" for 5 years,
"Realschule" for 6 years or "Gymnasium" for 9
years. After leaving Hauptschule vocational
training in the dual system or at vocational
school is possible/normal. After leaving
Realschule it is possible to go on to
Fachoberschule. Abitur as the university-entrance
diploma leads to university.
   
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Highest Level of Education in Germany, Categories
general education - no school leaving
certificate - Hauptschule (after 9 years of
schooling) - Realschule (after 10 years of
schooling) - Fachhochschulreife (after 12 years
of schooling) - Abitur (after 12 or 13 years of
schooling) vocational education - no vocational
education - job training in dual system
(workplace and school) - job training in school
(vocational school) - college - college of
higher education, univ. of applied sciences -
university
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Education in Denmark Compulsory education starts
at the age of 6 at "Folkeskole" and lasts for all
pupils for 9 years (as comprehensive school).
After that a voluntary 10th year or one type of
Gymnasium (for three years) or vocational
education is possible. General upper secondary
education is very diversified.
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Highest Level of Education in Denmark, Categories
- no school education, no vocational education -
1st to 6th class in school, no vocational
education - 7th to 10th class in school, no
vocational education - upper secundary school,
no vocational education - vocat. educ. and
training, apprenticeship training - work leader
education for vocational education - further
educ. of 2 or 3 years after upper sec.school -
further educ. of around 4 y. after upper
sec.school - bachelors or masters degree from
university - further university education, i.e.
Ph.D.
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Education in Luxembourg Primary school starts at
the age of 6 and ends in the age of 12. Secondary
schools are divided into complementary, technical
and general schools, duration of lycee is between
3 and 7 years. There are also existing several
vocational schools and universities of applied
sciences. Upper secondary education is very
diversified.
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Highest Level of Education in Luxembourg,
Categories
0 Pas de diplôme/qualifications 1 Ecole
primaire 2 Primaire supérieur 3
Enseignement complémentaire 4 Certificat
d'enseignement secondaire technique inférieur 5
Certificat d'apprentissage 6 Certificat de
Capacité Manuelle 7 Certificat d'Initiation
Technique et Professionnelle  8 Certificat
d'Aptitude Technique et Professionnelle 9
Diplôme de technicien (jusque 13e dans le régime
tech.) 10 Bac technique (jusque 13e ou 14e du
régime technique) 11 Enseignement secondaire
général inférieur 12 Diplôme de fin d'études
secondaires 13 Brevet de maîtrise artisanale 14
Enseignement supérieur - BAC 2 15
Enseignement supérieur - BAC 3 16 Enseignement
supérieur - BAC 4 17 Enseignement supérieur -
BAC 5 ou plus 18 Enseignement supérieur -
Doctorat
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Problems of misclassification - The case of
Germany Source European Social Survey
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• The Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik/Warner Matrix of Education
• (10 categories)
•  
• foundation matrix of general by vocational
  education,
• range each dimension from "no" to "highest",
• ranking in a hierarchy from low to high
  prestige,
• weighted ranking with the weights "1" to "10
• valid for all educational systems
  cross-national
• valid for all national educational systems over
  time

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Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik/Warner Matrix of Education

• - non leaving educ.system before reaching
  accepted basics in gen. or voc.
• - general education is measured by grades
• basic degree first exit of gen.educ. which
  allows starting with voc.educ.
• highest degree last exit of gen.educ.
  licensing university entrance
• steps of vocational education are geared to
  ISCO skill levels
• - categories 4 to 10 steps qualifying for an
  occupation from low to high
• - categories 2, 3, 6, 7 grades of gen.educ.
  without vocat. qualification

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Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik/Warner Matrix of Education for
Germany
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Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik/Warner Matrix of Education for
Denmark
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Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik/Warner Matrix of Education for
Luxembourg
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Validity of Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik/Warner Matrix of
Education for Germany Correlations
SIOPSStandard International Occupational
Prestige Scale by Treiman Source ESS, round 1
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Validity of Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik/Warner Matrix of
Education for Denmark Correlations
SIOPSStandard International Occupational
Prestige Scale by Treiman Source ESS, round 1
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Validity of Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik/Warner Matrix of
Education for Luxembourg Correlations
SIOPSStandard International Occupational
Prestige Scale by Treiman Source ESS, round 1
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• Conclusion
• Education is divided into a general and a
  vocational dimension
• For measuring education
• - "years of schooling" in sense of "grades" is
  acceptable but not
• perfect
• "ISCED 1997" in some countries is acceptable in
  others not
• National measurement of education
• should be divided into two questions, asking
  for a) general
• and b) vocational education
• should be construct a hierarchy of categories
  by a matrix
• "general by vocational".
• The Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik/Warner-Matrix of "general
  by vocational education"
• - corrects ISCED-classification done by
  researchers
• - correlates high with the grades (years of
  schooling)
• - correlates quite good with occupational
  prestige like SIOPS
• (Treiman, 1977 Ganzeboom Treiman 2003)