Spinal Cord

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Spinal Cord

• Location
• Function

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Meninges (for CNS)

• Meninx Primitiva protective covering in fish
• Leptomeninx, - thin inner membrane in higher
  vertebrates
• Dura Mater outer thick membrane in highter
  vertebrates

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Meninges

• Leptomeninx splits in mammals only, into
• Pia mater inner
• Arachnoid middle
• Subarachnoid space contains Cerebrospinal fluid

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Key Points

• Why is meningitis a life-threatening disease?

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Spinal cord

• Gray matter contains nuclei, nonmyelinated
  neurons, at center of spinal cord
• White matter contains myelinated ascending and
  descending tracts, at peripheral spinal cord

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Spinal Nerves

• Show metamerism carry information to from
  spinal cord
• Cauda equina caudal-most set of spinal nerves
  resembling a horses tail

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Spinal Nerves

• Occipitospinal nerves
• In anamniotes
• Innervate hypobranchial muscles
• Motor only

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Spinal Nerves

• Spinal nerves are mixed nerves with
• Dorsal root carrying sensory information
• Ventral root carrying motor information

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Key Points

• Are spinal nerves CNS or PNS?

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Spinal Nerves

• Spinal nerves branch into dorsal branch supplying
  epaxial muscles called Dorsal Ramus
• And ventral branch supplying hypaxial muscles
  called Ventral Ramus

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Spinal Nerves

• Adjacent spinal nerves for networks or plexuses
  when supplying limbs

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