tactice

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NAME JATIN BISHT AND GURPREET ROLL NO
23,20CLASS B.SC III YEAR PRESENTATION TOPIC
TACTICS AND STRATEGY
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MEANING of tactics

• Tactics means to utilization of ones
  technical skill physical and moral traits to
  attain the competition in a planned manner making
  full use of weakness of the opponent and
  preventing him from applying his skill

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• Strategy a careful plan or method for achieving
  a particular goal usually over a long period of
  time.
• In several sports strategy and tactics are used
  interchangeably and synonymously .This is not
  correct. strategy is the over all plan for
  successful participation in a competition whereas
  tactics is the actual realisation of strategy in
  practice. Strategy can be of general nature or
  can be a particular competition. Competition plan
  in this sense is competition strategy.

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• Important tactics are taught when there is
  near mastery over technique for optimal
  performance coach prepares in four areas
• Physical preparation
• Technical preparation
• Tactical preparation
• Psychological preparation

• Various tactical patterns
• Offensive / attacking tactics
• Defensive tactics
• High performance tactics

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METHODS AND MEANS OF TACTICAL TRANING

• Acquisition of special tactical knowledge
  (theoretical).
• Consilidation of special tactical knowledge
  practical
• Development of creative abilities
• Emotional ability

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TACTICAL ACTION

• Tactical action is a motor action complete its in
  itself and has definite tactical task as its
  aim. A tactical action can be divided into three
  phases which bring into sharp focus the vital
  psychic aspects of a tactical action. The three
  phases of tactical action are
• Perception and analysis of competition situation.
• Mental solution of the tactical task.
• Motor solution of the tactical task.

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I PHASE

• Perception and analysis of the competition
  situation is the first phase of a tactical
  action. The speed and the accuracy of the next
  two phases. Memory plays a vital role in
  perception and analysis of the situation.

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II PHASE

• The second phase of the tactical action
  consists of finding a metal solution for the
  perceived tactical task . It is a complex
  cognitive activity and depends much on the stored
  experiences in the memory. The sports man
  normally has a number of alternative solutions
  from which he must quickly select one which is
  the best for the task at hand

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• Knowledge about ones own abilities and
  capacities.
• Knowledge about the abilities and capacities of
  the opponent.
• The awareness of competition situation.
• Experience.
• Tactical knowledge.
• Problem solving ability.(tactical thinking)

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III PHASE

• In the third phase of tactical action the mental
  solution has to be realized through motor
  action(i.e., motor solution). As the first two
  phases of tactical action are mental processes,
  therefore, the quality and effectiveness of
  tactical action can only the jugged from the
  quality and effectiveness of motor solution.
  Motor solution is a motor action and, therefore,
  depends on motor co-ordination.

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• Mental solution of a tactical task is basically
  a decision making process on the basis of
  available knowledge and alternatives. In sports,
  this decision making process runs faster if the
  situation is not new and the sportsman has
  experienced it in the past. This ability,
  however, can be significantly improved through
  training.

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TRAINING FOR TACTICS

• Tactical training or tactical preparation aims
  at enabling the sportsman to effectively organize
  for the competition, and to compete successfully.
  This is the general objective of tactical
  training, and it can be further dividing into
  following aims
• Sportsman must be taught to organize for the
  competition and to prepare competition plan or
  strategy

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• He should learn to perceive and analyze the
  competition situation quickly and effectively and
  should be able to quickly find a mental solution.
• He should be able to quickly select and apply the
  skills, which he was learnt , for the best
  tactical result.
• Hr should be able to complete In such a manner
  that he is able to outsmart opponent.

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• He should be able to implement his competition
  plan effectively even under most difficult
  conditions.
• He should be able to asses and analyze his own
  tactical behaviour as well as of his opponents.

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• The above mentioned aims can be achieved by
  accomplishing the following three things
• Tactical knowledge
• Tactical skills
• Tactical abilities

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I TACTICAL KNOWLEDGE

• Rules and regulations of the game or sport. He
  should also know in which way and up to what
  extent these rules can be manipulated or
  exploited for tactical purposes.
• A sportsman must master the special tactical
  rules or fundamental rules or fundamentals of his
  game or sport. Each sport has its own set of
  tactical rules which can not be ignored in
  competition. Ex in football, basketball and
  attackers should create space for penetration
  and so on.

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• Sportsman can should also know when and where a
  particular technique should be used to get the
  best tactical advantages.
• It is important for the sportsman to fully
  understand the interrelationship among fitness ,
  skill tactics and psychic factors for successful
  participation in a competition. He should also
  know the means and possibilities of disturbing
  his opponents psychologically.
• He should also know in which way and up to what
  extent the judges ,spectators etc. can influence
  his performance and in which way he should tackle
  these influences for best result.

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• A sportsman must learn to observe and analyze his
  own tactical behaviors as well as the behaviors
  of the other sportsman. He must learn it as a
  mental skill and should form a mental habit of
  observing and analyzing the tactical behaviour of
  himself and the other sportsman.

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II TACTICAL SKILLS

• Tactical skill is an automatised motor action
  aimed at a tactical task. Acquisition of tactical
  skill is important to enable the sportsman to do
  the required motor actions during competition
  without concentrating on the movement execution.
  This is necessary prerequisite for effective
  observation and perception of rapidly changing
  situations during the competition. Tactical
  skills, depending on the degree of automatisation
  are of three types

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A Variations of tactical skills

• These are the variations of a basic tactical
  skill. These are only semi automatised, thereby
  enabling their variable applicability according
  to the competition situation.

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B CREATIVE TACTICAL ACTIONS

• In sports quite frequently the situations
  demand that the tactical action should be done in
  an entirely new manner. These are called creative
  tactical actions as these are the product of
  creative tactical thinking. Creative tactical
  actions are the hallmark of outstanding
  sportsman.
• The tactical skills have to be learnt
  in a systematic manner to start with the
  technique should be learnt from tactical aspect .

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• Once the basic variation technique has been
  learnt, stress should be laid on its variable
  applicable under constantly changing conditions.
  The degree of difficulty should be progressively
  increased e.g., without opponent, with passive
  opponent, with active opponent, with more than
  one opponents, combination of tactical action
  with other actions and so on.
• Finally, the tactical skill should
  be mastered under competition conditions in
  combination with other elements of competition.

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• The stress should be laid on creating new and
  unaccustomed conditions under which the sportsman
  should try to tackle the task in a new and novel
  manner (creative tactical action). The sportsman
  should learn to apply the tactical skill after
  proper perception and analysis of the situation.
  Competitions under different and difficult
  conditions and against different opponents is a
  necessary prerequisite for mastering a tactical
  skill.

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III TACTICAL ABILITIES

• Tactical abilities is the capacity of the
  sportsmen to apply his physical and psychic
  abilities, technical and tactical skills
  according to the competition situation for
  effectively tackling a tactical task. It is,
  therefore, not possible to name these abilities.
  But it seems that these abilities can be divided
  into three groups depending on the three
  important psychic aspects of tactical action.
  

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A SPECIAL ABILITIES OF PERCEPTION

• These are the abilities which enable the
  sportsman to have good orientation,
  differentiation of sensory input and perception
  of the situation. These abilities can be improved
  by progressively exposing the sportsman to
  situations where he should consciously try to
  perceive the situation quickly and correct. It is
  generally accepted now that the sportsman must be
  taught to look for important clues and signals in
  order to quickly and correctly perceive the
  competition situation.

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B SPECIAL INTELLECTUAL ABILITIES

• Use of audiovisual means with definite tasks
  of observation are important means in this
  regard.
• These abilities enable the sportsman to
  correctly anticipate the situation and to think
  and decide quickly. These are cognitive processes
  and are difficult to train. But by posing new and
  new problem situations, these abilities can be
  significantly improved. For better results the
  sportsman, with the help of audiovisual aids or
  actual situations, should be presented tactical
  problems which he should solve within given time.
  

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C Special volitional and emotional abilities

• The first two types of tactical abilities can
  not be fully utilized without special volitional
  (e.g., motivation, interest) and emotional
  abilities (e.g., temperament, ability to control
  ones emotional state). It is a well known fact
  that volitional and emotional factors are
  decisive for attention , concentration(thereby
  perception)and thinking and decision making.
• Motivation and interest can be positively
  affected through training and psychological
  means. But emotional abilities seem to be less
  trainable.

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PRINCIPLES OF TACTICAL PREPARATION

• Due to the vast nature of differences in
  competition activity in different sports it is
  difficult to present a methodology which can be
  applicable to all sports. In addition to the
  information already given about tactics and
  tactical training some important principles of
  tactical preparation are presented below-

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A UNITY OF THEORY AND PRACTICE

• Tactics are mainly achieved through tactical
  actions which are governed by the principles of
  conscious and goal oriented regulation of human
  activity. The majority of the factors which
  determines tactical efficiency or tactical
  mastery or of psychic nature and are not
  effectively trainable through physical exercises.
  Therefore, tactical training essentially consists
  of a large amount of theoretical work e.g.,
  lectures, discussions, explanations etc. With the
  help of audio-visual and other teaching aids.

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B OBSERVATION AND PERCEPTION OF TACTICAL TASKS

• Correct and quick observation and perception
  of tactical situations and tasks is of paramount
  importance for high level of tactical mastery.
  Therefore, these two things should be given due
  to importance right from the beginning. Through
  proper and systematic use of systematic use of
  theoretical and practial problems the abilities
  and skills of the sportsman should be developed
  for quick and correct observation and perception
  of competition situations.

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C ORGANIZATION AND COMPETITION

• Tactical preparation must aim at developing
  the abilities, skills and knowledge of the
  sportsman to organize for the competition. This
  must be developed as a separate and important aim
  of tactical preparation.

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D FORMING OF COMPETITION PLAN

• The sportsman must learn to formulate the
  competition plan himself on the basis of his
  tactical organization . This ability in the
  beginning should be carefully guided and helped
  by the coach. But in advanced stages it should
  always be a joint and conscious effort. It gives
  a sense of confidence and responsibility to the
  sportsman which is crucial for the confident and
  determined effort in the competition.

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