Endometriosis : Overview, Sign, Symptoms, Causes Diagnosis and Treatment

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Endometriosis
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Endometriosis

• A disorder in which the tissue that forms the
  lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterine
  cavity is Endometriosis and the lining of the
  uterus is called the endometrium.
• When the endometrium grows on the ovaries, bowel,
  and tissues lining the pelvis, Endometriosis
  occurs.
• For endometrial tissue to spread beyond the
  pelvic region is unusual, but it's never
  impossible.
• An endometrial implant is known when endometrial
  tissue growing outside of the uterus.
• The area to become inflamed and painful caused by
  hormonal changes of the menstrual cycle affect
  the misplaced endometrial tissue.

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Symptoms of endometriosis

• There are certain symptoms which may include
• Pelvic pain is the most common symptom of
  endometriosis
• Painful periods
• Pain in the lower abdomen before and during
  menstruation
• Cramps one or two weeks around menstruation
• Heavy menstrual bleeding or bleeding between
  periods
• Infertility
• Pain following sexual intercourse
• Discomfort with bowel movements
• Lower back pain that may occur at any time during
  your menstrual cycle

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Causes of endometriosis

• There are various causes which are as follows
• Retrograde menstruation Menstrual blood
  containing endometrial cells flows back into the
  pelvic cavity instead of out of the body in
  retrograde menstruation and these cells can stick
  and become thick over the period of time.
• Transformation of peritoneal cells It is found
  that hormones or immune factors promote
  transformation of peritoneal cells, cells that
  line the inner side of the abdomen, into
  endometrial cells.
• Embryonic cell transformation During puberty,
  hormones such as estrogens may transform
  embryonic cells into endometrial cell implants.
• Surgical scar implantation Endometrial cells may
  attach to a surgical incision such as
  a hysterectomy or C-section, after a surgery.

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Causes of endometriosis
Continue

• Endometrial cells transport The blood vessels or
  tissue fluid system may transport endometrial
  cells to other parts of the body.
• Immune system disorder Any immune system
  disorder may make the body unable to recognize
  and destroy endometrial tissue that's growing
  outside the uterus.

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Risk factors of endometriosis

• There are several risk factors which include
• Never giving birth
• Starting period at an early age
• Going through menopause at an older age
• Short menstrual cycles , for instance, less than
  27 days
• Having higher levels of estrogens in the body or
  greater exposure to estrogens the body produces
• Low body mass index
• Alcohol consumption
• Family history of endometriosis
• Any medical condition that prevents the normal
  passage of menstrual flow out of the body
• Uterine abnormalities

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Treatments of endometriosis

• Certain treatments may be
• Pain medication Over-the-counter pain
  medications such as ibuprofen can be used to
  release symptoms, but it can't decrease
  endometriosis.
• Hormonal therapy Taking supplemental hormones
  can sometimes relieve pain and stop the
  progression.
• Hormonal contraceptives Hormonal contraceptives
  decrease fertility by preventing the monthly
  growth and build-up of endometrial tissue. Birth
  control pills, patches, and vaginal rings can
  reduce or even eliminate the pain in less-severe
  endometriosis.
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GRNH) agonists
  and antagonists GNRH stops the release of
  hormone estrogens. This prevents menstruation and
  creates an artificial menopause. But it can cause
  certain side effects such as hirsutism etc.

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Treatments of endometriosis
Continue

• Conservative surgery It is for women who want to
  get pregnant or suffer from severe pain and for
  whom hormonal treatments are not working.
  Conservative surgery removes or destroys
  endometrial growths without damaging your
  reproductive organs.
• Laparoscopy Small hole surgery, is used to both
  visualize, diagnose, and remove the endometrial
  tissue. Small incisions are made in the abdomen
  to remove the growths of the tissue surgically
  and to burn or vaporize them. Laser is commonly
  used for these tissues.
• Hysterectomy It is used as a last method if the
  patient doesn't respond to other treatments.
  During a total hysterectomy, doctor will remove
  the uterus and cervix. Doctor can also remove the
  ovaries because they make estrogens and estrogens
  cause the growth of endometrial tissue.

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Diagnosis of endometriosis

• Certain diagnosis techniques are
• A detailed family or medical history may help the
  doctor to rule out other issues
• Physical test of the cysts or scar behind the
  uterus may help the doctor to diagnose
  endometriosis
• Use a trans-vaginal ultrasound or an abdominal
  ultrasound ma be done to rule out cysts
  associated with endometriosis.
• Laparoscopy is the method to identify
  endometriosis accurately by seeing it physically
  through a small operation.
• Fertility is the most common complication which
  occurs in endometriosis. About one-third to
  one-half of the women with endometriosis has
  serious issues with pregnancy. Certain IVF
  techniques can be their survivor.

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