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15 kinds of research methodologies for Ph.D.
pupils
Dissertation Methodology Help Phd Thesis
Methodology Phd Thesis Methods
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1.Basic Research

• Pure research or fundamental research or basic
  research zooms on enhancing scientific knowledge
  for the exhaustive understanding of a topic or
  certain natural phenomena, essentially in natural
  sciences knowledge that is obtained for the
  purpose of knowledge it is called fundamental
  research.

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• 1.Applied research
• Research that covers real life applications of
  the natural sciences aimed at offering an answer
  to particular practical issues and develops novel
  technologies.

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2. Fixed research versus flexible research In
fixed research, the design of the study is fixed
prior to the main phase of data gathering
moreover, fixed designs are essentially
theoretical. Variables that need to be controlled
and measured need to be known in advance and they
are measured quantitatively.
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2. Fixed research versus flexible research

• Flexible research as the name denotes involves
  freedom during the data gathering phases
  variables are not quantitatively measurable, such
  as culture.

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• 3. Quantitative research and qualitative research
• Quantitative research denotes gauging phenomena
  in various grades on the other hand, qualitative
  research sometimes deems Boolean measurements
  alone solution can be studied qualitatively for
  its appropriateness. However, comparison between
  candidate solutions requires quantitative
  observation.

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• 4. Experimental research and non-experimental
  research
• In an experimental design, operationalize the
  variables to be measured moreover,
  operationalize in the best manner. Consider the
  study expectations, outcome measurement, variable
  measurement, and the methods to answer research
  questions.

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• 4. Experimental research and non-experimental
  research
• Think of the practical limitations such as the
  availability of data-sets and experimental
  set-ups that represent actual scenarios.

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• 5. Exploratory research and confirmatory research
• Confirmatory research tests a priori
  hypothesesoutcome predictions done prior to the
  measurement stage. Such a priori hypotheses are
  usually derived from a theory or the results of
  previous studies.

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• 5. Exploratory research and confirmatory research
• Exploratory research generates a posteriori
  hypotheses by investigating a data-set and
  ascertaining potential connection between
  variables.

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• 6. Explanatory research or casual research
• Causal research is also called explanatory
  research conducted to ascertain the extent and
  type of cause-effect relationships. Causal
  research are conducted to evaluate effects of
  specific changes on existing norms, various
  processes etc.

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• 7. Descriptive research
• Descriptive research is the available statement
  of affairs researcher has no control over
  variable. Descriptive studies are characterised
  as simply an effort to ascertain, define or
  recognize. Not why it is that way nor how it
  came to be, which is the objective of analytical
  research.

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• 8. Historical research
• Historical research explores and explains the
  meanings, phases and traits of a phenomena or
  process at a certain phase of time in the past
  historical research is a research strategy from
  the research of history.

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• 9. Casual comparative research
• Also called as ex-post facto research (In
  Latin, implies after the fact) researchers
  determine the causes or consequences of
  differences that already exist between or among
  groups of individuals.

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• 9. Casual comparative research
• An effort to ascertain a causative relationship
  between an independent variable and a dependent
  variable relationship between the independent
  variable and dependent variable are usually a
  suggested relationship (not proved yet) because
  you do not have complete control over the
  independent variable.

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• 10. Correlational research
• Correlational research is a form of
  non-experimental research technique wherein a
  researcher measures 2 variables and assesses the
  statistical connection between them with no
  influence from any external variable.

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• 10. Correlational research
• The correlation between two variables is given
  through correlation coefficient, which is a
  statistical measure that calculates the strength
  of the relationship between two variables that is
  a value measured between -1 and 1.

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• 11. Evaluation research method
• Evaluation research technique is known as program
  evaluation and refers to a research purpose
  instead of a particular technique objective is
  to assess the effect of social involvements such
  as new treatment techniques, innovations in
  services, etc.

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• 11. Evaluation research method
• A form of applied research to have some
  real-world effect. Methods such as surveys and
  experiments are used in evaluation research.

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• 12. Formative and summative evaluation
• While learning is in progress, formative
  assessment offers feedback and information
  measures participants progress and also assess
  researchers own progress as well.

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• 12. Formative and summative evaluation
• For example, when implementing a new program, you
  can determine whether or not the activity should
  be used again (or modified) with the help of
  observation and/or surveying.

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• 12. Formative and summative evaluation
• Summative assessment happens after the learning
  has ended and offers info and feedback to sum up
  the process essentially, no formal learning is
  happening at this phase other than incidental
  learning which might take place through the
  completion of program.

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• 13. Diagnostic research
• Descriptive research studies define the
  characteristics of a particular individual, or of
  a group.
• Studies showing whether certain variables are
  linked are examples of diagnostic research.

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• 13. Diagnostic research
• Researcher defines what he or she wants to
  measure and finds adequate methods for measuring
  it along with a clear description of
  population.
• Aim is to obtain complete and accurate
  information. And the researcher plans the
  procedure carefully.

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• 14. Prognostic research
• Prognostic research (specifically in clinical
  research) examines chosen predictive variables
  and risk factors prognostic research assesses
  influence on the outcome of a disease. Clinicians
  have a better understanding of the history of the
  ailment.

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• 14. Prognostic research
• This understanding facilitates clinical
  decision-making via providing apt treatment
  alternatives and helps to predict accurate
  disease outcomes.
• Assessing prognostic studies involves
  ascertaining the internal validity of the study
  design and assessing the effects of bias or
  systemic errors.

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• 15. Action research
• A systematic inquiry for improving and/or honing
  researchers actions. Researchers find it an
  empowering experience.
• Action research has positive result for various
  reasons most important is that action research
  is pertinent to the research participants.

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• 15. Action research
• Relevance is assured because the aim of each
  research project is ascertained by the
  researchers, who are also the main beneficiaries
  of the research observations.

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