tusharanand

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THE EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE SPECIFIC
HEAT OF NANOFLUID

• Tushar Anand (801183021)
• Supervisior Dr. S.S.Mallick
• Thapar university
• patiala

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Introduction

• Nanofluids suspension of metals/metal oxide/
  carbon nanotubes in base fluids (water/EG)
• Advantage superior specific heat, long time
  stability, minimum clogging/abrasion of flow
  passages
• Potential benefits engine cooling, micro fluids,
  micro electronics, refrigerators, solar-thermal
• In spite of such merits/wide spread potential
  application, this technology is still limited for
  commercial use
• Difficult to model size/distribution, shape,
  conc., temp., material/base-fluid, sonication,
  surfactant etc..
• Overall lack of fundamental understanding
  research scope

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Methods For Producing Nanoparticles/Nanofluids

• Methods for synthesis of nanoparticles
• Chemical reduction method
• Suspensions of nanoparticles in conventional
  heat transfer fluids
• are produced by two methods
• The two-step technique
• The single-step technique
• The two-step method first synthesizes
  nanoparticles and then disperses
• them into base fluids.
• The single-step method simultaneously makes and
  disperses
• nanoparticles directly into base fluids.

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Literature review
Reference Nano particle Base fluid Method to measure Vol. conc. (?) Temp (C) Studied parameter Result
Zhou et al. (2009) CuO 25nm, 50nm Ethylene Glycol Differential Scanning Calorimeter (0-25) 25 Volume fraction Particle size Increase in volume fraction specific heat decreases. Solid liquid interface can change phonon vibration mode near surface area of nanoparticle which result in change of Cp.
Buongiorno et al (2011) Silica(32nm) ,alumina(50nm), copper oxide(30nm) Water Heat flux-type differential scanning calorimeter (TA Instruments Q2000) (0-1) 35,45, 55 Volume fraction Particle size Decreases with increase in volume fraction. There appear to be small discrepancies between the data and predictions decreases with every different size.
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Reference Nano particle Base fluid Method to measure Vol. conc. (?) Temp (C) Studied parameter Result
wang et al. (2006) CuO 50nm water Differential scanning calorimeter (0-25) 0-300 Volume fraction In high-temperature region, the specific heat capacity of a CuO crystal higher than the bulk value while in the low-temperature region, the specific heat capacity of nanoparticle is lower than the bulk value.
Donghyun et al. (2011) Alkali metal chloride salt Water differential scanning calorimeter (TA Instruments Q2000) (0-1) 35,45, 55 Volume fraction Higher cp of nanoparticles than the bulk value of silica.
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Reference Nano particle Base fluid Method to measure Vol. conc. (?) Temp (C) Studied parameter Result
Sheng et al. (2008) Al2O3 50nm water Differential scanning calorimeter(DSC)(PerkinElmer DSC7) (0-21.7) 25-40 Volume fraction Sonicated for 10-24hr Specific heat of Al2O3 nanoparticle enhanced up to 25 incomparison with that of the bulk case. The predictions of models I and II are larger than those based on the specific heat of bulk Al2O3.
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Existing model

• Model I ( Murshed et al., 2006)
• Model II (Murshed et al., 2006 and Venerus et
  al., 2006)

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Evaluation of Existing Model
Al2O3 nanoparticles, d 50 nm, T 55oC

• With increase in nanoparticle concentration, the
  predicted value decreases for all the
  models.
• Both models are overpredicted.
• Model 1 seems to be more overpredicted than
  model 2.

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Al2O3 nanoparticles, d 50 nm, T 45oC
Al2O3 nanoparticles, d 50 nm, T 35oC

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Problem Formulation and Objectives

• Existing models for specific heat have
  limitations
• Not tested/validated for accuracy under wide
  range of experimental conditions
• Models were either for mm or µm sized particles
  or limited nm size data
• Hence, objectives of this work
• To evaluate the accuracy of existing models of
  specific heat
• Develop new validated model for specific heat of
  nanofluids

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Volumetric specific heat as a function of
temperature for water ZnO nanofluids
Set-up for measuring volumetric specific heat
Sensor needle
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Methodology and Work Plan

• Carry out extensive experimental work to find out
  the effect of different particle size, volumetric
  concentration on specific heat of different
  nanofluid.
• Develop improved model for specific heat using
  the above experimental data and theory .
• Validation of model.
• Design/develop tester for measuring specific
  heat.

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SCHEDULED ACTIVITIES 2013
Time Activity January February March April May June July
Literature Review x x x x x x x
Experimental testing of cp for metal, metal oxide, carbon nanotube x x x x x
Model for cp Development x x
Cp Model Validation x
Communication of Result x
Thesis Writting x x
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• REFERENCES
• Chon C.H, Kihm K.D., Lee S.P. and Choi S.U.S.,
  2005 Empirical Correlation Finding The Role of
  Temperature and Particle Size for Nanofluid
  (Al2O3) Thermal Conductivity Enhancement, Physics
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• Choi U.S Stephen, Wang H.P., 1995 Enhancing
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• Das S.K., Putra N., Thiesen P. and Roetzel W.,
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  Transfer, Vol. 125, PP. 567-574.

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• Thank You
• Acknowledgement Thapar University-Seed
  Money Grant
• 
  (Financial Assistance)