What are the benefits of using Biopesticides in agriculture?

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What are the benefits of using Biopesticides in
agriculture?
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Introduction
Biopesticides are pesticides made from natural
materials like bacteria, animals, plants, and
some minerals. Canola oil and baking soda, for
instance, are Biopesticides because they can be
used as pesticides. There were approximately 780
registered Biopesticides products and 195
registered active ingredients at the end of 2001.
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Biopesticides fall into three major classes
Microbial Pesticides
Microbial pesticides contain a microorganism like
a bacterium, fungus, virus, or protozoan as their
active ingredient. Microbial pesticides have the
ability to control a wide variety of pests, but
each active ingredient is very specific to the
pest it is intended to kill. Fungi, for example,
kill specific insects and control particular
weeds. The most frequently used microbial
pesticides are strains and subspecies of Bacillus
thuringiensis. This bacterium specifically kills
a few related insect larvae species and produces
distinct proteins in each strain.
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Plant-Incorporated-Protectants (PIPs)
Plant-Incorporated-Protectants (PIPs) are
pesticides made from genetic material
incorporated into the plant. These substances are
referred to as pesticides. By taking the gene,
scientists can, for instance, incorporate the
gene for the Bt pesticides protein into the
plant's own genetic material. The plant, not the
bacterium, produces the substance that kills the
pest. The protein and its genetic material are
regulated by the EPA, but not the plant itself.
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Biochemical Pesticides

• Substances that naturally occur and control pests
  through non-toxic mechanisms are known as
  biochemical pesticides. Conventional pesticides,
  on the other hand, typically consist of synthetic
  substances that kill or incapacitate the pest
  immediately. Insect sex pheromones, which prevent
  insects from mating, and various scented plant
  extracts, which attract insects to traps, are
  examples of biochemical pesticides. Because it
  can sometimes be difficult to tell, the
  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
  established a special committee to decide whether
  a substance meets the criteria for being
  classified as a biochemical pesticide.

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Need for Biopesticides
Since a long time ago, farmers have been using
pesticides (chemicals) to control pests and
eradicate plant diseases. Between 1950 and 2000,
it has been estimated that the price of chemical
pesticides increased by 250 to 3,000 times. As a
result, it is beyond the means of India's
resource-poor farmers, particularly those who
cultivate high-risk rainfed crops and cannot
afford to invest in costly chemical pesticides.
On the other hand, the cost of biological control
agents will be well within their means, and the
cost would be even lower given that these agents
live on in nature and control the pest's
subsequent generations. Pesticides based on
hazardous petroleum are expensive, and some of
them are now losing their effectiveness due to
the development of resistant strains. Pesticides
can't break down and pollute the environment in
some cases.
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Advantages of Using Biopesticides

• Most of the time, Biopesticides are less harmful
  than conventional pesticides.
• In contrast to broad-spectrum, conventional
  pesticides, which may affect organisms as diverse
  as birds, insects, and mammals, Biopesticides
  typically only affect the target pest and closely
  related organisms.
• Biopesticides frequently only have a limited
  effect and rapidly decompose, reducing exposures
  and largely avoiding the pollution issues brought
  on by conventional pesticides.

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Biopesticides can significantly reduce the
amount of conventional pesticides used in
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs while
maintaining high crop yields. However,
effective use of Biopesticides necessitates
extensive pest management knowledge.
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Pesticides for the Garden
Plant materials naturally occur in these
quantities. Botanical pesticides can be crudely
prepared from ground plant parts to produce a
dust or powder that can be used full strength or
diluted in a carrier like clay, talc, or
diatomaceous earth in their simplest form. Dust
from the Pyrethrum daisy flower, cube roots
(rotenone), Sabadilla seeds, Ryania stems, or
neem leaves, fruit, or bark, and water extracts
or organic solvent extracts of the insecticidal
component of plants are examples of such
preparations.
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