The Body In Motion

1
The Body In Motion
2
Introduction

• Muscle actions are always described as departures
  from the standard position of the body, the
  anatomical position.

3
Flexion

• The bending of a joint usually a movement that
  reduces the angle that two movably articulated
  bones make with each other. When you crouch on
  your knees.

4
Extension

• The opposite of flexion, it increases the angle
  between two movably articulated bones, usually to
  a 180 degree maximum.

5
Pronation

• A movement of the forearm that in the extended
  position brings the palm of the hand to a
  downward position. Applies only to the forearm.

6
Supination

• The opposite of pronation. When the forearm is
  in the extended position, this movement brings
  the palm of the hand upward.

7
Rotation

• The pivoting of a body part around its axis, as
  in shaking the head. No rotation of any body
  part is complete (i.e. 360 degrees).

8
Circumduction

• A combination of movements that makes a body part
  describe a circle.

9
Inversion

• An ankle movement that turns the sole of the foot
  medially. Applies only to the foot.

10
Eversion

• The opposite of inversion. It turns the sole of
  the foot laterally.

11
Protraction

• The protrusion of some body part, e.g. the lower
  jaw.

12
Retraction

• The opposite of protraction.

13
Abduction

• A movement of a bone or limb away from the median
  plane of the body.
• One abducts the fingers by spreading them apart.

14
Adduction

• The opposite of abduction, involving approach to
  the median plane of the body or, in the case of
  the limbs, to the central axis of a limb.