Alcohol

1
Alcohol

• History
• What is it?
• Pharmacokinetics
• Absorption and Distribution
• Metabolism
• Tolerance and Dependence
• Effects on Organ Systems

2
History

• B.C.
• Middle Ages
• Colonial America
• Temperance/Prohibition

3
What is it?

• Ethyl Alcohol
• Fermentation
• Distillation
• Percentage/Proof
• Methyl Alcohol
• Isopropyl Alcohol

4
Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption/Distribution
• Oral administration
• Stomach/Small intestine
• Alterations
• Food
• Carbonation
• Gender
• Medications
• Blood Alcohol Content

5
Pharmacokinetics

• Metabolism
• Liver
• Alcohol dehydrogenase
• Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
• Cytochrome P450 family
• Lungs
• Breathalyzer
• Zero-order kinetics

6
Tolerance

• Tolerance
• Acute
• Drug disposition
• Pharmacodynamic
• Behavioral
• Cross-tolerance
• Sedative-hypnotics

7
Dependence

• Cross-dependence
• Hangover
• Withdrawal syndrome
• Delirium tremens

8
Organ Systems

• CNS
• Frontal lobe functions
• Amnesia
• Coordination issues
• Traffic accidents
• Poisoning

9
Organ Systems

• Brain Damage
• Alcohol
• Acetaldehyde
• Liver deficiency
• Inadequate Nutrition
• Wernicke-Korsakoffs
• Brain areas

10
Organ Systems

• Cardiovascular
• Renal-urinary
• Reproductive
• Gastrointestinal
• Liver
• Fatty liver
• Alcoholic Hepatitis
• Alcoholic cirrhosis