Obesity

1
Obesity

• Management
• Short term goal
• Reduce body fat stores
• Induction of negative energy balance
• Reducing dietary intake
• Stimulating total energy expenditure
• Combination of both
• Long term goal
• Maintain ideal body weight

2
Obesity

• Weight loss should be
• High enough for noticeable change
• Low enough to minimize excessive hunger
• Low enough to minimize loss of lean body mass
• Recommended
• 1-2 per week
• 8-12 month span

3
Obesity

• Three parts to weight reduction programs
• Behavior modification
• Exercise
• Creates an energy deficit
• Dietary modification
• Creates an energy deficit

4
Obesity

• Behavior modification
• Change habits of owner
• Cease high calorie table scraps
• Providing high energy dense food free choice
• Allowing begging
• Frequent feeding of treats or biscuits
• Keep pet out of kitchen during food preparation
• Break treats in smaller pieces
• Same time of day of feeding

5
Obesity

• Exercise
• Increases energy expenditure
• Increases lean body mass
• Increases RMR
• Twenty minutes of exercise 3-5 times per week
• Daily exercise is ideal
• Walking
• Running
• Fetch

6
Obesity

• Exercise cats
• Toys
• Harness walks

7
Obesity

• Diet
• Calorie restriction
• Weigh and set realistic goal of reduction
• Feed a diet that provides 60-70 of the calories
  needed to maintain current weight
• lt 60 of calories lead to rebound decreased
  metabolic activity
• Cats lt 60 results in lean body mass loss
  predisposes animal to hepatic lipidosis
• Important to provide adequate protein

8
Obesity

• Cats
• 75 of MER for current weight may work better
• Weigh pet regularly (weekly)
• Graph progress
• Owner seeing results improves compliance
• Portion controlled feeding
• Removes ability of animal to spontaneously
  increase intake of reduced energy diet
• Feed small meals
• Increases meal induced thermogenesis

9
Obesity

• Types of weight loss diet
• If table scraps are fed
• Remove scraps from diet
• Decrease calories to 75-80 of regular diet
• Works in mild obese cases
• Will increase begging
• Leads to poor compliance
• For moderate to severe obesity
• Commercially prepared diet that is energy reduced

10
Obesity

• Two types of diets
• Low in fat high in digestible, complex
  carbohydrates
• High in indigestible fiber
• May also be reduced fat

11
Obesity

• Reduction of fat in diet
• Effective because
• Decreases energy content of food
• May decrease palatability
• Protein and CHO potent stimulants of insulin
• Enhances utilization of energy and metabolic rate
• Still must provide adequate essential fatty acids
• CHO provide energy but half the density of
  calories
• Corn and rice work well for this
• Higher energy

12
Obesity

• High levels of indigestible fiber
• Low levels of fat are fed as well
• Optimal dietary fiber
• SCFA production
• Proper motility
• High levels of fiber may
• Decrease nutrient
• Digestion
• Absorption

13
Obesity

• High fiber diets
• Affects fecal production
• Increases fecal volume
• gt10 fiber on DMB
• Highly fermentable fiber
• Loose watery stool
• Increased gas production
• Increased defecation frequency
• Questionable results

14
Obesity

• Protein content of weight loss diet
• Adequate to avoid lean muscle loss
• Cats need sufficient for gluconeogenesis

15
Obesity

• Feeding regimen
• Portion controlled
• Most pets would increase food intake if fed free
  choice

16
Obesity

• Total fasting
• Cats
• I DONT THINK SO
• Dogs
• Severe conditions
• Dogs able to utilize glycerol more efficiently
• Less ketones produced
• Few side effects from starvation diets
• Cons
• Requires hospitalization
• Negative connotation
• Loss of lean muscle mass

17
Obesity

• Maintenance
• Must feed to maintain achieved weight
• Continue exercise regimen
• Avoid the old habits
• Recommend
• Low-fat
• Complex carbohydrates
• Portion controlled feeding

18
Obesity

• Prevention
• Avoid hyperplastic obesity
• Feeding properly during growth
• Avoid excess
• Avoid free choice
• Portion controlled
• Regular exercise