Census Cartography:

1

• Census Cartography
• Organizational and Institutional Issues

2
Overview

• From Census mapping to Census Geography
• Census Cartography Process
• Building a geospatial Infrastructure
• In-house Cartography/GIS unit
• Technical and human capacities
• Standards
• NSDI
• Challenges
• Conclusion

3
Census Process
Pre-Census (Pre-enumerationmaps ensure
consistency, prepare)
Census (Enumeration maps support data
collection, monitor)
Post-Census (Post-enumeration analyze, display
and disseminate)
4
Pre-enumeration stage
Pre-enumeration
(EA Map Production)
Large-scale maps EA units Geocoding System
Census Database Digital Mapping GIS Satellite
Imagery Aerial Photo. GPS
5
Census Enumeration Stage
Large-scale maps EA units Geocoding System Census
Database Digital Mapping GIS Satellite
Imagery Aerial Photo. GPS
Pre-enumeration
(EA Map Production)
Large-scale mapsLarge mid-scale for sup. Mid-
small-scale for manag. Admin./Statistical Units
GIS/GPS/PDAs Digital Mapping
Enumeration (Census Data
Collection)
6
Post-enumeration Stage
Mid- small-scale maps EA update Statistical
Database Databases (Maintenance) GIS Internet
Mapping Digital Mapping
Large-scale maps EA units Geocoding System Census
Database Digital Mapping GIS Satellite
Imagery Aerial Photo. GPS
Pre-enumeration
(EA Map Production)
Large-scale mapsLarge mid-scale for sup. Mid-
small-scale for manag. Admin./Statistical
Units GPS GIS Digital Mapping
Post-enumeration (Census Data
Dissemination)
Enumeration (Census Data
Collection)
7
Geospatial Technologies at all stages
(Pre-enumeration)
(Enumeration)
(Post-enumeration)
Digital Mapping
Digital Mapping
Statistical Database
Census Database
Databases Maintenance
GIS
GIS
Aerial Photo.
GIS
Satellite Imagery
GPS
Internet Mapping
GPS
EAs Units
Administrative and Reporting Units
8
Census Geography Programme a continuous process

• The recommendations derived from our EGM and
  Workshops on GIS and census mapping emphasized
  the need for countries to consider the census
  geography programme as a continuous process,
  rather than the sequential mapping and
  dissemination operations.
• It was also emphasized that the use of and
  application of contemporary geospatial
  technologies and geographical databases is
  beneficial at all stages of population and
  housing census process. Geospatial improve the
  efficiency in the preparatory, enumeration,
  processing and dissemination phases of the census

9
Census Geography programme

• National Statistical Organizations should
• Develop GIS as a long term project
• To prepare the census enough in advance
• Too expensive for the census only
• To be used beyond the census as infrastructure
  for other statistical purposes (other sources,
  sample frame...)
• Ensure the availability of adequate resources to
  that end
• Actively participate, in partnership with other
  national authorities, in the development of a
  national geographical information capacity,
  including the National Spatial Data
  Infrastructure (SDI).

10
Institutional/Organizational Issues

• A specialized in-house Cartography/GIS unit
• Building technical and human capacities
• National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)
• Basic data
• Population Datasets and Geocoding System basic
  components

11
Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)

• Geographic Information
• Infrastructure Concept
• Important as physical infrastructure assets such
  as roads, communications networks, and other
  public utilities

Info http//www.fgdc.gov/nsdi/nsdi.html
12

• Geographic Information (or Spatial Data)
  Infrastructure Concept
• The Spatial Data Infrastructure Concept
• SDI Policies Standards Human-Resources
  Techologies
• Core Spatial Data (Framework Data) common
• - Geoditic Network Administrative boundaries
  Hydrography Elevation Roads and Railroads
  Cadastre.

13
Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)

• Definition - the technology, policies, standards,
  human resources, and related activities necessary
  to acquire, process, distribute, use, maintain,
  and preserve spatial data
• Part of a nations e-Gov strategy
• www.GSDI.org

14
Framework Data (common)/ Reference Data

• Geoditic network
• Administrative Boundaries
• Hydrography
• Elevation
• Roads and Railroads
• Cadastral
• Geographical Names

15
Main NSDI Components
16
NSDI ComponentsCont.

• Interoperable, framework data
• Clearinghouses for data storage and access
• Search tools for locating data
• Metadata for data description

17
List of 13 Core Layers (UN)(to be reviewed,
Santiago Nov. 2006)

• Transportation network/Roads/rails/Navigation
  routes
• Population centres / gridded Population density
• Hydrography / Hydrology / drainage network/ River
  and lake basins
• Hydrogeology
• Coastlines
• Land-cover/Land-use
• Hypsographic ( elevation contours)
• Bathymetry
• Landmine areas
• Protected area / Restricted areas
• Geology, geomorphology
• Airports/Helipad
• Health facilities

18
GI Standards

• ISO/TC 211
• OpenGIS Consortium

19

• A new Working Group on Census Cartography within
  ICA

20
Joint Board of Geospatial Information Societies
(JB GIS)

• FIG
• ISPRS
• ICA
• IAG
• IMTA
• IHO
• ISCGM

21

• END

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Implementing a GIS

• Consider the strategic purpose
• Plan for the planning
• Determine technology requirements
• Determine the end products
• Define the system scope
• Create a data design
• Choose a data model
• Determine system requirements
• Analyze benefits and costs
• Make an implementation plan

Source Thinking About GIS, Third Edition
Geographic Information System Planning for
Managers