VARIATION OF VELOCITY WITH LITHOLOGY

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VARIATION OF VELOCITY WITH LITHOLOGY
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TYPICAL MATRIX AND FLUID DENSITIES

• MATRIX DENSITY ?ma (gm/cm3)

SAND (PURE QUARTZ GRAINS) LIMESTONE,
PURE DOLOMITE, PURE AVERAGE FOR
CARBONATES GYPSUM ANHYDRITE SALT SHALE
2.65 2.71 2.85 2.80 2.32 2.96 2.05 - 2.1 2.6 -
2.65

• FLUID DENSITY ?f (gm/cm3)

1.04 - 1.07 0.6 - 0.88 0.0007
BRAIN (DEPENDENT ON SALINITY) CRUDE OIL METHANE
(10?C . 760 mm Hg)
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CRITICAL ANGLE FOR REFRACTION
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RAY PATH FOR A REFRACTION
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REFLECTED WAVE
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MULTIPLY REFLECTED WAVE
? X
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REFRACTED WAVE
? X
V1
? Z
L1
L3
L2
?X
REFLECTED WAVE
WHERE 2l1 DISTANCE IN LAYER 1 l2
DISTANCE IN LAYER 2
t
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NORMAL-INCIDENCE REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION
COEFFICIENTS
DENSITY r1 VELOCITY V 1 DENSITY r 2 VELOCITY V2
WHERE r1 DENSITY OF LAYER 1 V1
VELOCITY OF LAYER 1 r 2 DENSITY OF LAYER
2 V2 VELOCITY OF LAYER 2
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