Title: REPRODUCING PLANTS
1REPRODUCING PLANTS
Modified by the GA Agricultural Education
Curriculum Office July 2002
2Types Of Plant Reproduction
- Sexual Reproduction - Involves using seed to
propagate plants. The flowers are important
because they contain the reproductive organs. - Asexual Reproduction Involves using the
vegetative parts of the plant for propagation.
The end result is a clone (a plant genetically
similar to its parents).
3Types Of Seeds
- Monocot - Plants having seeds with one seed leaf,
known as a cotyledon. Examples are corn, wheat,
rice, and all grasses. - Dicot - Plants having seeds with two cotyledons.
Examples are tomatoes, beans, petunias, and
carnations.
4Parts Of A Bean Seed
- External
- Seed coat - outer covering of the seed
- Hilum location where the seed was attached in
the pod - Micropyle - tiny opening near the seed scar where
the pollen entered the ovule to form the seed
5Parts Of A Bean Seed (Cont.)
- Internal
- Cotyledons - contain food for the embryo two are
found in the bean seed - Radicle - becomes the root system of the plant
- Hypocotyl - connects the radicle and the
cotyledons - Epicotyl - forms the stem of the plant
- Plumule - develops the above-ground part of the
plant (embryonic leaves)
6Parts Of A Monocot Seed Corn
- External
- Seed coat - protects the embryo
- Seed scar - where the corn grain was attached to
the cob - Silk scar found on the grain opposite the seed
scar
7Parts Of A Monocot Seed Corn (Cont.)
- Internal
- Endosperm - where food for the embryo is stored
- Radicle - becomes the root system
- Hypocotyl - connects the radicle to the food
source - Epicotyl - Becomes the stem
- Cotyledon - absorbs food from the endosperm, DOES
NOT store it - Plumule becomes the leaves
8Parts Of A Complete Flower
- Sepal - Outer part of the flower covers the bud
and protects it as it develops. - Petal - Located just inside the sepals attracts
insects which help in the fertilization process. - Stamen - Male part of the flower contains an
anther that produces the pollen (sperm). - Pistil - Female part of the flower contains the
stigma.
9Flowers
- Perfect Flowers Flowers that have the stamen
and pistil in the same flower. - Imperfect Flowers - Flowers that lack either the
stamen or the pistil. - Exception - Monoecious plants may have both male
and female imperfect flowers on them. An example
of this is corn.
10Pollination
- Pollination - The transfer of pollen from the
anther to the stigma of the same flower. - Pollen may be moved by wind, insects, birds, and
other natural means. - Cross-pollination - Pollination involving two
different plants. - Self-pollination Pollination involving flowers
on the same plant.
11Types of Fruit
- Fleshy Fruit - Large fibrous structures that
surround the seed includes apples, pears,
blackberries, oranges, and grapes. - Dry Fruit - Develops as a pod or in a hull
includes beans, peas, peanuts and cotton (pods)
also includes pecans, acorns, corn, oats, wheat,
and elm trees (hulls).
12Germination Testing
- Germination Test The number of seeds that
sprout from a set amount of seeds. - Helps in determining the number of seeds to
plant. - Soil is the most widely growing medium.
- Greenhouses usually use artificial media.
13Conditions for Seed Germination
- The following are vital requirements
- moisture
- temperature
- oxygen
14Benefits of Vegetative Propagation
- True Traits Of Parents
- Assures that the new plant is identical to its
parents. - No Seed
- Some plants do not produce seed, for example -
seedless grapes.
15Examples Of Vegetative Propagation Using Below
Ground Parts
- Potatoes with buds (eyes) are cut into sections
and planted. - Bulbs (corms) are planted.
- They multiply.
- New bulbs are pulled apart and planted
separately.
16Methods Of Above Ground Propagation
- Layering Making roots grow from the stem of the
plant. - Cutting - Using a short section of a plant stem
for propagation. - Budding - Taking a bud from one plant and moving
it to another. - Grafting - Placing a section of stem from one
plant onto another plant.
17Qualities to Determine Good Seed
- Purity Percent of the bag that is pure seed
want a large percent purity. - Contamination - Free of trash want as little
contamination as possible. - Percent germination Percent of seed that should
germinate want it to be around 90-100 - Uniformity Seed of the same size and shape
want as much uniformity as possible.
18Qualities to Determine Good Seed (Cont.)
- Damage Cracking, splitting, etc. want as
little damage as possible. - Free of disease Healthy want your seed to be
proven free. - Treatment - Treated to prevent disease good.
- Reputation of grower and dealer Want good
reputation.