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REPRODUCING PLANTS

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The flowers are important because they contain the ... Micropyle - tiny opening near the seed scar where the pollen entered the ovule to form the seed ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: REPRODUCING PLANTS


1
REPRODUCING PLANTS
Modified by the GA Agricultural Education
Curriculum Office July 2002
2
Types Of Plant Reproduction
  • Sexual Reproduction - Involves using seed to
    propagate plants. The flowers are important
    because they contain the reproductive organs.
  • Asexual Reproduction Involves using the
    vegetative parts of the plant for propagation.
    The end result is a clone (a plant genetically
    similar to its parents).

3
Types Of Seeds
  • Monocot - Plants having seeds with one seed leaf,
    known as a cotyledon. Examples are corn, wheat,
    rice, and all grasses.
  • Dicot - Plants having seeds with two cotyledons.
    Examples are tomatoes, beans, petunias, and
    carnations.

4
Parts Of A Bean Seed
  • External
  • Seed coat - outer covering of the seed
  • Hilum location where the seed was attached in
    the pod
  • Micropyle - tiny opening near the seed scar where
    the pollen entered the ovule to form the seed

5
Parts Of A Bean Seed (Cont.)
  • Internal
  • Cotyledons - contain food for the embryo two are
    found in the bean seed
  • Radicle - becomes the root system of the plant
  • Hypocotyl - connects the radicle and the
    cotyledons
  • Epicotyl - forms the stem of the plant
  • Plumule - develops the above-ground part of the
    plant (embryonic leaves)

6
Parts Of A Monocot Seed Corn
  • External
  • Seed coat - protects the embryo
  • Seed scar - where the corn grain was attached to
    the cob
  • Silk scar found on the grain opposite the seed
    scar

7
Parts Of A Monocot Seed Corn (Cont.)
  • Internal
  • Endosperm - where food for the embryo is stored
  • Radicle - becomes the root system
  • Hypocotyl - connects the radicle to the food
    source
  • Epicotyl - Becomes the stem
  • Cotyledon - absorbs food from the endosperm, DOES
    NOT store it
  • Plumule becomes the leaves

8
Parts Of A Complete Flower
  • Sepal - Outer part of the flower covers the bud
    and protects it as it develops.
  • Petal - Located just inside the sepals attracts
    insects which help in the fertilization process.
  • Stamen - Male part of the flower contains an
    anther that produces the pollen (sperm).
  • Pistil - Female part of the flower contains the
    stigma.

9
Flowers
  • Perfect Flowers Flowers that have the stamen
    and pistil in the same flower.
  • Imperfect Flowers - Flowers that lack either the
    stamen or the pistil.
  • Exception - Monoecious plants may have both male
    and female imperfect flowers on them. An example
    of this is corn.

10
Pollination
  • Pollination - The transfer of pollen from the
    anther to the stigma of the same flower.
  • Pollen may be moved by wind, insects, birds, and
    other natural means.
  • Cross-pollination - Pollination involving two
    different plants.
  • Self-pollination Pollination involving flowers
    on the same plant.

11
Types of Fruit
  • Fleshy Fruit - Large fibrous structures that
    surround the seed includes apples, pears,
    blackberries, oranges, and grapes.
  • Dry Fruit - Develops as a pod or in a hull
    includes beans, peas, peanuts and cotton (pods)
    also includes pecans, acorns, corn, oats, wheat,
    and elm trees (hulls).

12
Germination Testing
  • Germination Test The number of seeds that
    sprout from a set amount of seeds.
  • Helps in determining the number of seeds to
    plant.
  • Soil is the most widely growing medium.
  • Greenhouses usually use artificial media.

13
Conditions for Seed Germination
  • The following are vital requirements
  • moisture
  • temperature
  • oxygen

14
Benefits of Vegetative Propagation
  • True Traits Of Parents
  • Assures that the new plant is identical to its
    parents.
  • No Seed
  • Some plants do not produce seed, for example -
    seedless grapes.

15
Examples Of Vegetative Propagation Using Below
Ground Parts
  • Potatoes with buds (eyes) are cut into sections
    and planted.
  • Bulbs (corms) are planted.
  • They multiply.
  • New bulbs are pulled apart and planted
    separately.

16
Methods Of Above Ground Propagation
  • Layering Making roots grow from the stem of the
    plant.
  • Cutting - Using a short section of a plant stem
    for propagation.
  • Budding - Taking a bud from one plant and moving
    it to another.
  • Grafting - Placing a section of stem from one
    plant onto another plant.

17
Qualities to Determine Good Seed
  • Purity Percent of the bag that is pure seed
    want a large percent purity.
  • Contamination - Free of trash want as little
    contamination as possible.
  • Percent germination Percent of seed that should
    germinate want it to be around 90-100
  • Uniformity Seed of the same size and shape
    want as much uniformity as possible.

18
Qualities to Determine Good Seed (Cont.)
  • Damage Cracking, splitting, etc. want as
    little damage as possible.
  • Free of disease Healthy want your seed to be
    proven free.
  • Treatment - Treated to prevent disease good.
  • Reputation of grower and dealer Want good
    reputation.
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