Q. What are energy and matter transformation mechanisms?

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Q. What are energy and matter transformation
mechanisms?
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What is the basic structure of energy flow in an
ecosystem?
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What limit the length of food chains?
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All lifes on the earth depend on the transfers of
energy and matters.
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Does this dictum apply to human?
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Information transfer
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What is the information transfer in organisms?

• What are the information
• transfers in human?

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Dynamic of life and environment

• There were 3 phases of lifes in relation to the
  environment and time scale.

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Phase 1 Chemical evolution (4.6 billion years)
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Part 1 Formation of the Earth and its early crust
and atmospherePart 2 Evolution of the
non-living biological molecules necessary for
life-DNA, RNA, proteins and carbohydrates
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Part 3 Evolution of systems of chemical reactions
needed for linking these biopolymers in ways to
produce the first living cells.
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Phase 2 Biological evolution (3.6-3.8 billion
years)- Development of diverse species through
genetics modification and natural selection of
the Earth primitive cells and the organisms that
followed.
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Phase 3 Diversification of life forms (600
million years)
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What is the future?
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Q. Why does the Earth is the suitable place for
the origin and evolution of life?
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A. 1. Life, as the form on the Earth, cannot
survive without water. 2. Distance and movement
of the Earth around the sun is the optimal 2.1
if too close, water will be in the vapor form,
e.g. Mercury 2.2 if too far, water will be in
the ice form, e.g. Mar 3. Movement around its
exist, make temperature on both sides of the
earth uniform. 4. With the appropriate size,
gravity can maintain the atmosphere which are
suitable for life.
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Q. What is the basic problem facing life of the
Earth?
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Q. What are the impacts?
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A. 1. Organismic level 2. Population level 3.
Community-ecosystem level
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Does life posses regulatory characteristics?
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What are control mechanisms?
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1. Feedback control 1.1 Negative feedback
control 1.2 Positive feedback
control
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2. Congeneric homotaxis or redundancy in
functional components
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Does the Earth posses control mechanism?
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Conclusion1. The Earths atmosphere did not just
develop by chance.2. Organisms from the very
beginning played the major role in development
and control of geochemical environment favorable
to themselves.3. The Earth is not just a
habitat for organisms, but the Earth seems to
be a biosystem.
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Gaia Hypothesis (Lovelock, 1979)

• Organisms, especially microorganisms, have
  evolved with the physical environment to provide
  an intricate control system that keep Earths
  conditions favorable for life

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Problem1. It is unlikely to be proved or
disproved.2. If there is a control mechanism, it
must be highly complex.Ex Bacteria species
3,000 species Probable relationships(n)(n-1)/2
30002999/2 4,498,500
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3. If more species involve, the relationships
will be exponential.4. Even with impressive
progress in ecology, we still have limited
understanding of interactions between the biotic
components and environment.
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5. Biotic diversity is highly decreasing. 1
species/day - 1 species/hour between 1970-2000,
or 500,000-600,000 species by 2000
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