Space Security through International cooperation

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Space Security through International cooperation
BY
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

• Address at the Space Security Conference
• At IDSA, New Delhi
• 13 November 2007

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The Future of Space Exploration Solutions to
Earthly Problems
Address through multi-media tele-conference to
The Symposium, At Boston University, USA12
April 2007
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Centre of Aerospace Strategic Studies (CESA)
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World Space Vision 2050 to the international
conference on Fifty years in Space at CALTECH.
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World Space Vision 2050 to the international
conference on Fifty years in Space at CALTECH.
Space application has become a part of our daily
life. . Serving applications like natural
resource survey, communication, disaster
management support, meteorology, tele-education
(27,000 class rooms) tele-medicine (250
hospitals). Our country is in the process of
establishing 100,000 Village Knowledge Centers
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Challenges to Humanity
What are the real threat perceptions of humanity
for the twenty first century?

• The inequity in education and health care
• The shortage of human resources both for skills
  and research through out the world
• The looming threat to environment
• The depletion of resources energy and water

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SPACE SECURITY SYSTEM
International Space Security Force
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World Space Vision 2050
VISION
To enhance the quality of human life, inspire
the spirit of space exploration, expand the
horizons of knowledge and ensure space security
for all nations of the world
MISSIONS

• Large Scale Societal missions and Low cost access
  to space
• Comprehensive space security
• Space exploration and current application
  missions

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COST OF ACCESS TO SPACE FOR VARIOUS MISSIONS

• SPACE EXPLORATION
• International Space Station, with no replacement
  for Space Shuttle in sight
• Space Astronomy

• Communications
• Meteorology
• Navigation
• Earth Resources

20,000
INFORMATION MISSIONS
Space market for information missions is now
saturated GSO is full Intense rivalry between
players for shrinking market
Mass Missions (Near Term)

• Tourism
• Manufacture

2000
Cost of Payload in Low Earth Orbit (/Kg)

• Solar Power
• Sub-orbital
• Transportation

200

• Mining
• Colonization

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Mass Missions (Far Term).
2
107
102
106
105
104
103
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Mass Flow of Payload to Orbit (Tonnes / Year)
High cost of access to space using ELVs Large
scale societal space missions, energy water
for all nations, not initiated no TAVs in sight
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MULTI-PURPOSE AEROSPACE VEHICLE
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Space Transportation Systems with High Payload
Fraction
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Space Transportation Systems with High Payload
Fraction

• A small scientific breakthrough, for example, in
  air breathing propulsion systems may lead to a
  revolution in Space Transportation.

• Indian Studies for the smallest size reusable
  space launch vehicle.
• Weighing 25-30 tonnes with high payload
  fractions
• Gathers air, liquefies air in flight
• Separates out the liquid oxygen for onboard
  storage for earth to orbit ascent.
• Studies suggest 15 payload fraction for launch
  weight of 270 tonnes.
• The Trans-atmospheric space transportation system
  has potential for payload fraction to 30 for
  higher take off weight.
• With 10 times the payload fraction and 100 times
  reuse, the cost of payload in orbit from 20,000
  per kg to about 200 per kg

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HYPERPLANE MISSION PROFILE
FAN RAMJET ENGINES
SCRAMJET ENGINES
ROCKET ENGINES
F 53T
78T
120T
59T
54T
We 54.61 Wpl 16.00
M3.5, 28KM
M8, 30KM
100T LOX IN 1000 SEC
W0 91T
W0 166T
W0 100T
LAUNCH WT (t) 100 PAYLOAD (t) 16 MAX DIA
(m) 8.15 LENGTH (m) 56 WING SPAN (m) 15.7
PAYLOAD ORBITAL
TRANSFER
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HyperplaneFully Reusable, Aerobic Orbital
Transatmospheric Vehicle Optimized for Space
Solar Power Mission
CONFIGURATION TENTATIVE
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DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR RLVs
LCA
SPACECRAFT
Aircraft Technology
MISSIONS

• ENERGY FROM SPACE
• SPACE TOURISM
• SPACE MANUFACTURING
• ORBITING SPACE
• STATIONS
• INTER PLANETARY
• MISSIONS

REUSABLE VEHICLES
COST OF ACCESS TO SPACE
2000-2025
BRAHMOS
GSLV
AGNI
LAUNCHER COST ELV 15000-20000/KG RLV 200-200
0/KG
Air breathing
Cryogenic
Re-entry
1950-2000
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GLOBAL ENERGY WATER MISSION
SPACE ASSEMBLY, MAINTENANCE REPAIRS
SPACE SOLAR POWER STATIONS IN EQUATORIAL EARTH
ORBIT
SPACE INFRASTRUCTURE BUILD-UP
SEAWATER DESALINATION USING SPACE SOLAR POWER
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Critical Technologies forAerospace
Transportation Systems

• In-Flight Air Collection and Oxygen Liquefaction
  Technology
• Ram/Scramjet Engines
• Ascent Turbojet /Turbofan Ramjet Engines
• Advanced light weight High Temperature Materials

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Critical Technologies forAerospace
Transportation Systems

• In-Flight Air Collection and Oxygen Liquefaction
  Technology
• Ram/Scramjet Engines
• Ascent Turbojet /Turbofan Ramjet Engines
• Advanced light weight High Temperature Materials

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Critical Technologies forAerospace
Transportation Systems

• In-Flight Air Collection and Oxygen Liquefaction
  Technology
• Ram/Scramjet Engines
• Ascent Turbojet /Turbofan Ramjet Engines
• Advanced light weight High Temperature Materials

www.abdulkalam.com
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Critical Technologies forAerospace
Transportation Systems

• In-Flight Air Collection and Oxygen Liquefaction
  Technology
• Ram/Scramjet Engines
• Ascent Turbojet /Turbofan Ramjet Engines
• Advanced light weight High Temperature Materials

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Multi-Role System Architecture Required

• Technologies to be developed and flight tested
  comprehensively over the entire speed and height
  regimes that are common to the role of
  trans-atmospheric vehicles in air and space
  transportation.
• The multi-role architecture to be
  comprehensively demonstrated in flight for
• Fully reusable space transportation for safe,
  affordable flight to space,
• Attributes related to intercontinental passenger
  aviation.

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How to protect the space systems?
Protection of space comprehensively is a common
interest of human kind.
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Space Satellite Service Stations
It is essential to extend the life of satellites
through in-orbit maintenance such as diagnosis,
replacement, recharging, powering, refueling or
de-boosting after use.
Lives of spacecraft are determined by component
failures, capacity of fuel, internal energy
systems and space environment.
NASA's TDRS-3 satellite is part of a fleet that
keeps the agency in touch with orbiting
spacecraft like the International Space Station
(Illustration NASA/MSFC)
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Comprehensive Space Security
International Space Force (ISF)
Space Satellite Service Stations
Self healing satellites
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Paradigm shift In foreseeing space of next
fifty years

• Firstly, we should use the current capabilities
  of various nations and undertake challenging
  societal applications and interplanetary missions
• Secondly, having more international cooperation
  itself will add to the security of space assets,
  that the human beings have so assiduously built
  in and are depending on. Hence, Comprehensive
  space security will emerge.
• And thirdly, the practicality of World Space
  Vision would depend on bringing down the cost of
  access to space from the present 20000 per kg
  to 200 per kg.

• A world space vision can trigger many young
  towards hitherto impossible challenges.

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Cruise missiles dominated in Gulf Wars

• World has only subsonic cruise missiles
• Future war will demand Supersonic cruise
  missiles

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VSAT Network
53 Heads of States Network Voice Over IP Video
Conference Internet
HUB
Tele-Education 53 Learning Centers
12 Universities (7 Indian 5 African)
Tele-Medicine 53 Remote Hospitals
17 SSHs (12 Indian 5 African)
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World Space Profile 2050
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World Space Profile 2050
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