Safety and the environment

1
Safety and the environment
Maritime Industries Forum Valencia -
29-30/10/2001

• by Rafael Gutiérrez
• Head of Studies - IZAR
• Chairman of the AWES Working Group on Substandard
  Ships

2
Safety Environmental Protection derive from
three factors
THE SEAS
Safety Environmental Protection
MEN
SHIPS
3
Shoreside support has contributed to safety

• Navigation aids and charts (GPS, ECDIS)
• Vessel Traffic Separation
• Ship-to-shore communications (GMDSS, Inmarsat,
  ECDIS)
• Search and Rescue
• Weather forecast and reporting

4
Regulations are better and better enforced

• SOLAS 74 came into force in 1981
• Marpol 73/78 came into force in 1982
• STCW came into force in 1984
• The Paris Memorandum on Port State Control was
  signed in 1982
• Constant updates of these regulations have raised
  the safety environmental standards in response
  to social pressures
• Great stress has been put by port states and
  class societies on the enforcement of existing
  regulations

5
And better ships make safer seas !

• Ship designs are safer than ever (design tools
  permit a better match to actual perils of the
  sea)
• Shipbuilding quality in the best yards is higher
  than ever
• Marine equipment today is better than ever

SHIPS ARE BETTER THAN EVER ! TECHNOLOGY COUNTS !!
6
Leading cruise ship technology
Environmentally friendly refrigerants
Refrigerant loog book
Means to recover refrigerants in case of
accidental release
Waste management
Low-NOx engines
Low SOx fuels
Ballast water management plan
Incinerator
TBT-free paints
Enhanced bilge water system
Holding tanks for black grey water
Double hull protecting fuel lube oil tanks
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Leading ferry technology
Helicopter Landing Area
TV surveillance system with 48 cameras
Optimised hull form to reduce fuel consumption
Marine Evacuation System (MES)
Diesel-electric engine concept running on Marine
Diesel Oil to reduce SOX NOX emissions
2 bow thrusters for added manoeuvrability
Biological waste and sewage treatment
TBT-free anti-fouling paint
8
Leading tanker technology
Redundant propulsion (2 shaft lines engines in
independent engine rooms)
VOC recovered burned in main engines
Extra cargo tank subdivision (lower spill VOC)
Controllable pitch propellers (added
maneuverability)
Reinforced main hull structure
Redundant steering (2 high lift rudders)
2 bow thrusters for added maneuverability
Double hull exceeding minimum MARPOL 13F
dimensions
Double hull protecting fuel oil tanks
9
Marine transportation is very safe

• The worlds ships move every year over 6 times
  more Tons-Km than all the EUs road freight
  vehicles
• Yet they cause 5 times less average annual loss
  of life
• Marine transport is over 30 times safer than
  roads
• ...and can be made still better

Source Lloyds EU DG Transport (1992-96)
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Ship losses and marine pollution have decreased
steadily since the 1980s
Number of spills over 700 tons SOURCE ITOPF
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But... Europe still has problems with tankers
BRAER
BALTIC CARRIER
SEA EMPRESS
IEVOLI SUN
ERIKA
KRISTAL
BALU
AEGEAN SEA
HAVEN
AGIP ABRUZZO
VOLGONEFT 248
ARAGON
NASSIA
CASTOR
KHARK V
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... and ferrys
SLEIPNER
ESTONIA
SCANDINAVIAN STAR
and bulkers and fishing ships etc.
HERALD OF FREE ENTERPRISE
MOBY PRINCE
EXPRESS SAMINA
13
Port state control enforcement has gained
momentum since the 1980s
PARIS MEMORANDUM Over the past 12 months a total
of 18,526 ships have been inspected. During
10,755 (58.1) of these inspections one or more
deficiencies where found and 1,813 (9.8)
inspections resulted in a detention (The Paris
Memorandum website - October 2001)
14
The worlds fleet age has a negative impact on
casualty rates
Current situation (fleet age 15-19 yrs) Loss
rate 0.3 - 0,4
New fleet (fleet age 0-4 yrs) Loss rate lt 0.05
Source IUA Marine Report Statistics 1999
15
Social demands will impose increasing safety
environmental burdens on marine operations

• Safety and environmental standards are not
  absolute. They are set by social expectations
  that will rise with time.
• Ships designed and built to the standards of two
  decades ago are not necessarily acceptable today.
• Consideration must also be given to periodically
  upgrading existing ships.
• The recent compromise for the accelerated
  elimination of single hull tankers is a good
  example.
• Fleet renewal will be a major challenge in the
  next decade, but it has many advantages.
• New ships are safer because they are new, but
  also because they incorporate the newest safety
  and environmental technologies, often well ahead
  of international regulations requirements.

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The safety and environmental challenge

• Safety and environmental protection are becoming
  competitive tools in all economic sectors in the
  worlds most developed markets the US, the EU,
  Japan, etc. This will eventually become obvious
  also for the maritime industries.
• Far from an inconvenience and a sunken cost, the
  emphasis in safety and the environment will be a
  major tool of survival and growth in coming
  decades, under the impulse of growing social
  demands.
• The European maritime industries and
  administrations should capitalise their
  technological potential and take up the challenge
  to answer these demands, contributing to a more
  sustainable economic and social development in
  Europe.