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Standard 29 CFR Part 1910.146

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Title: Standard 29 CFR Part 1910.146


1
Standard 29 CFR Part 1910.146
Permit Required Confined Space Entry
2
Agenda
  • Permit Required Spaces - Definition
  • Hazards and hazard control
  • Permit system
  • Entry procedure
  • Emergency procedures

3
Confined spaces What are they?
  • Confined Spaces
  • Are large enough and so configured that an
    employee can bodily enter and perform assigned
    work and
  • Have limited or restricted means of entry or exit
    (for example, tanks, vessels, silos, storage
    bins, hoppers, vaults and pits are spaces that
    may have limited means of entry) and
  • Are not designed for human occupancy
  • In addition to the above, Permit Required
    Confined Spaces
  • Contain, or has the potential to contain, a
    hazardous atmosphere
  • Contain a material that has the potential for
    engulfing an entrant
  • Have an internal configuration such that an
    entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by
    inwardly converging walls or by a floor which
    slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross
    section or
  • Contains any other recognized serious safety or
    health hazard

4
Atmosphere hazards Oxygen content
  • Oxygen deficiency
  • Room air contains approximately 20.9 oxygen
  • Below 19.5 oxygen we can develop physical
    problems
  • Oxygen deficiency can cause light headedness,
    nausea, and loss of coordination and
    concentration, and the ability to think and react
    normally we can hallucinate, depriving us of our
    ability to recognize hazards and to escape from
    them (self rescue)
  • Oxygen deficiency can be caused by many things,
    including
  • Nitrogen or inert gas piped into the space
  • Chemical processes, including rust
  • Chemical evaporation or leakage
  • Exhaust from internal combustion engines or other
    external sources

NEVER ENTER AN AREA WITH LESS THAN 19.5 OXYGEN
CONTENT
5
Atmosphere hazards Oxygen content
  • Oxygen Enrichment
  • Oxygen concentration above 23.5 is called oxygen
    enrichment
  • Oxygen enrichment causes all combustible
    materials to burn with explosive force that makes
    escape from a fire in a confined space doubtful
  • NEVER ENTER AN AREA WITH GREATER THAN 23.5
    OXYGEN
  • Oxygen enrichment can be caused by many things
    including
  • Use of oxygen to ventilate a space (which is
    never allowed)
  • Leaking hose on a torch set
  • Some chemical processes

6
Atmosphere hazards Lower flammable unit
  • The lower flammable limit (LFL) is the minimum
    concentration of flammable vapor, mist, gas or
    dust mixed or suspended in air that will ignite.
    Technically, 100 of the LFL must be present to
    allow a fire or explosion.
  • There must be 19.5 or greater oxygen content
    present in the area being sampled to get an
    accurate LFL meter reading
  • Since there can be some variation in meter
    readings, we set a wide safety margin for
    acceptable LFL readings
  • NEVER ENTER AN AREA WITH GREATER THAN 10 LFL
  • High LFL can be caused by many things including
  • -Flammable chemicals
  • -Flammable material brought into the space for
    the project
  • -External processes that leak or seep into the
    space

7
Atmosphere hazards Toxic and hazardous substances
  • Some confined spaces can contain hazardous
    materials such as hydrogen sulfide (in sewers)
  • Exposure to chemical vapor and/or gas and/or
    particulate above the Permissible Exposure Level
    (PEL) can cause damage to your health and impair
    your ability to exit the confined space
  • To determine what toxic or hazardous chemicals
    might be present we must know what chemicals were
    present in the space
  • PEL exposure data is listed in the OSHA Standards
    and on Material Safety Data Sheets
  • NEVER ENTER AN AREA WITH AN EXPOSURE FOR A TOXIC
    OR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL GREATER THAN THE PEL (OR
    OTHER MAXIMUM EXPOSURE NUMBER)
  • A high PEL can be caused by many things
    including
  • -Chemicals stored or used in the space
  • - External processes that leak or seep into the
    space

8
Controlling atmosphere hazards
  • All atmosphere hazards are detected and
    quantified by using direct reading meters We
    always use a meter to check that the atmosphere
    is safe prior to space entry
  • In addition, we continuously monitor the space
    throughout the entry
  • We will look at the meter we use for permit
    confined space entry now
  • Ventilation is occasionally used to improve the
    atmosphere. Tips on ventilation are
  • -Positive pressure ventilation is always more
    effective
  • -Deliver the fresh air as close as possible to
    the entrant
  • -Be sure the fan intake is located in clean air

9
Engulfment hazard
  • Engulfment occurs when a person is covered with a
    substance from a pipe, hopper, duct or other
    source of materials being added to a confined
    space
  • Engulfment can suffocate a person, cause serious
    injury or make escape from a space impossible
  • NEVER ENTER A SPACE WITH ENGULFMENT HAZARDS
    THAT HAVE NOT BEEN RENDERED SAFE
  • An engulfment hazard can be caused by many things
    including
  • -Connected pipe lines, ducts and hoppers
  • Engulfment hazards are controlled by
    disconnecting, blanking or capping connecting
    pipes, ducts and hoppers

10
Other hazards
  • There are often mechanical, hydraulic, thermal
    and electrical hazards in confined spaces
  • These other hazards are generally controlled
    through standard lockout and tagout (LOTO)
    procedures REFER TO OUR FACILITY PROCEDURE ON
    LOTO
  • Other hazards can be caused by many things
    including
  • -Heating jackets, coils, etc.
  • -Mixers and agitators
  • -Moving equipment
  • -Electrical equipment

NEVER ENTER A SPACE WITH OTHER HAZARDS PRESENT
11
Hazard summary
  • Hazards present in permit confined spaces are
    extremely dangerous because
  • Space entry and exit is difficult and slow, both
    for entrants and for rescuers
  • Many of the hazards are difficult to see, feel or
    smell without using instruments
  • Ventilation of confined spaces is poor unless
    supplemental mechanical ventilation is used

12
Entry permit
  • The permit contains
  • The names of all involved individuals
  • A list of steps taken to render the space safe
  • Atmosphere readings
  • The time that the permit expires
  • Information needed for contacting the rescue team
  • Critical steps in permit completion
  • Isolate or make safe all hazards
  • Use a meter to determine a safe atmosphere
  • Provide access into space
  • Have all equipment ready
  • Notify the Rescue Service
  • COMPLETE ALL INFORMATION REQUESTED ON THE PERMIT

13
Entry procedure
  • A permit is used to control all confined space
    entry
  • All personnel who are involved in the entry must
    have current training and be authorized for their
    role
  • Three types of responsible positions are involved
    in an entry and each has an equal decision in
    allowing the entry, not allowing the entry or
    cancelling it (if already in progress). These
    positions are
  • -The entry supervisor
  • -The entrant
  • -The attendant

14
Duties
  • Entry Supervisor
  • -Makes all arrangements
  • -Begins permit and oversees completion
  • -Contacts rescue service to alert them of the
    entry
  • -Supervises the entry, frequently visiting the
    site
  • -Returns completed permit to program
    administrator
  • Entrant
  • -Reviews the permit to assure proper completion
    and her/his agreement
  • -Follows all directions from the Attendant
  • Attendant
  • -Functions to assure safety
  • -Continuously evaluates external and internal
    hazards
  • -Is willing to terminate the entry for safety
    reasons
  • -Is ready to perform a non-entry rescue

15
Emergency procedures
  • Immediately terminate the permit if
  • -Any altered level of consciousness is detected
    in the entrant (clumsiness, slurred speech,
    behavior or speech changes)
  • -An emergency is detected inside the space
  • -An emergency occurs outside the space
  • -Communication is lost
  • Never enter a space to affect a rescue practice
    non-entry rescue only
  • Immediately summon the rescue service and the
    entry supervisor if any emergency condition is
    suspected
  • Continue to attempt non-entry rescue and continue
    to provide fresh air until the rescue service
    arrives
  • We will now discuss our rescue service

16
Conclusion
  • Permit required confined spaces present many
    unique hazards NEVER UNDERESTIMATE THEM
  • Control all hazards
  • -Atmosphere
  • -Engulfment
  • -Other (mechanical, thermal,. Etc)
  • Preparation saves lives follow the permit system
  • Every member of the team has a part to play the
    supervisor, entrant and attendant must all agree
    on safety and must all agree on procedures

17
For more information
  • For more information regarding Permit Required
    Confined Spaces , or other safety issues, please
    contact
  • Gregory Appel Insurance
  • Mike Salazar, Vice President
  • Direct 317-686-6407
  • Email msalazar_at_gregoryappel.com
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