Motivation Theory

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Motivation Theory
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Motivation

• Definition
• 1) Internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need
• 2) Stimulus of behavior

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Motivation Theories

• Content Theories focus on the internal needs
  and desires that initiate, sustain and eventually
  terminate behavior.
• WHAT motivates someone
• Process Theories seek to explain HOW behavior
  is initiated, sustained and terminated

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Content Theories

• Maslows Hierarchy of Need
• Alderfers ERG Theory
• Herzbergs 2-Factor Theory
• McClellands Learned Needs Theory

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Definitions

• Frustration occurs when needs can not be met
• Satisfaction occurs when needs are met
• Despair occurs when there is frustration
  without hope

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Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

• Stresses two fundamental premises
• Human beings are wanting creatures whose needs
  depend on what they already have. (You need what
  you DONT already have)
• Peoples needs are arranged in a hierarchy

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Maslow

• 5th level Self realization and fulfillment
• 4th level Esteem and Status
• 3rd level Affection and social activity
• 2nd level Safety and security
• 1st level Basic physiological needs

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Alderfers ERG Theory

• Only 3 levels to the hierarchy
• Existence needs material and physical needs
• Relatedness needs all needs that involve other
  people
• Growth needs all needs involving creative
  efforts and/or productive contributions

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Herzbergs 2-Factor Theory

• Starts with the questions of what satisfies and
  dissatisfies people about their work
• Assumes the answers to those questions are key to
  understanding motivation
• Job Satisfaction consists of two separate and
  independent dimensions
• Satisfiers or motivators
• Dissatisfiers or maintenance factors

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Dissatisfiers/Maintenance Factors

• Presence is not motivational. Absences causes
  dissatisfaction
• Policies
• Salary
• Interpersonal relationships
• Job security
• Work conditions
• Status
• Technical supervision
• Personal life

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Satisfiers/Motivators

• Not unhappy if they are absent willing to work
  to get them
• Achievement
• Recognition
• Advancement
• The work itself
• Possibility of growth
• Responsibility

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McClellands Learned Needs Theory

• People learn their needs through life experience
• 3 sets of needs
• Need for Achievement need to excel
• Need for Power need to control or influence
  others
• Need for Affiliation need to associate with
  others. Form interpersonal relationships

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Process Theories

• Focus on how individuals expectations and
  preferences for outcomes associated with their
  performance actually influence performance.

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Vrooms Expectancy Theory

• Vroom theorized that people are not only driven
  by their needs, but they make choices about what
  they will and will not do to fulfill their needs
  based on 3 conditions

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Vrooms Conditions

• Person must believe that effort to perform at a
  particular level will make the desired
  performance or behavior more likely
• Desired performance or behavior must lead to some
  concrete outcome or reward
• Person must value the outcome