States of Matter

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States of Matter

• Chapter 3

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Chapter Objectives

• Describe the 4 states of Matter
• Classify materials as Solids, Liquids, or Gases
• Explain the behavior of Gases, Liquids, Solids
  using Kinetic Theory
• Define pressure gas pressure
• Identify factors that affect gas pressure

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Chapter Objectives

• Predict changes in gas pressure due to changes in
  temperature, volume, the number of particles
• Explain Charless Law, Boyles Law, the
  combined Gas Law
• Describe phase changes
• Explain how temperature can be used to recognize
  a phase change

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• Explain what happens to the motion, arrangement,
  average kinetic energy of water molecules
  during phase changes
• Describe each of the 6 phase changes.
• Identify phase changes as endothermic or
  exothermic

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3.1 Solids, Liquids, Gases

• Describing the States of Matter
• Classified as_____, ______, or ______ based upon
  whether their shapes volumes are definite or if
  they can vary.

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3.1 Solids, Liquids, Gases

• _________
• Have a recognizable shape take up a certain
  amount of space.
• Are the state of matter in which materials have a
  ______ shape volume.
• Some type of orderly ______ arrangement of
  particles at the atomic level.
• Particles in solids vibrate around fixed
  locations.

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3.1 Solids, Liquids, Gases

• _______
• Always has the same shape as its container can
  be poured from one container to another.
• State of matter that ________ have a definite
  _______ BUT does have a definite ________.
• A liquid takes the shape of its container because
  particles can flow to new locations. The volume
  is constant because the forces of attraction keep
  the particles somewhat close together.

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3.1 Solids, Liquids, Gases

• ______
• States of matter in which a material has neither
  a definite shape or volume.
• Particles are _________ __________. Forces of
  attraction are very weak.

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• Plasma
• State of matter not readily found on the earth.
• The _____ is an example of plasma.

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• Bose-Einstein Condensate _____
• 5th state of matter
• Exists at extremely_________
• 1st produced in_______

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Kinetic Theory

• Kinetic Energy
• The _______ an object has due to its_________.
• Kinetic comes from the _______ word meaning to
  move.
• Kinetic Theory states that all particles of
  matter are in _______ motion. This theory helps
  to explain the behavior of gases.

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3.2 The Gas Laws

• Pressure
• The result of a _______ being distributed over
  an_______.
• Force is measured in _________. Collisions
  between particles of a gas the walls of a
  container cause the pressure in a closed
  container of gas.

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3.2 The Gas Laws

• Factors That Affect Gas Pressure
• ______
• ______
• ______

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3.2 The Gas Laws

• Factors That Affect Gas Pressure
• Temperature
• Raising the temperature of a gas will _______ the
  pressure IF the _____________ of particles are
  constant.

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3.2 The Gas Laws

• Factors That Affect Gas Pressure
• Volume
• ________ the volume of a gas increases the
  _________ if the temperature of the gas and the
  number of particles are constant

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3.2 The Gas Laws

• Factors That Affect Gas Pressure
• Number of Particles
• Increasing the number of particles will
  _______________ if the temperature volume are
  constant

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3.2 The Gas Laws

• Charless Law
• States that the ______ of a gas is directly
  proportional to its ________ if the pressure
  number of ________ are constant
• As temperatures ________ or _________ so does the
  pressure as long as volume number of particles
  stays the same
• (no leaks)

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3.2 The Gas Laws

• Boyles Law
• States that the volume of a gas is ________
  proportional to its pressure if the temperature
  number of particles remain constant.
• As the ______ of a container Increases pressure
  will decrease
• As the size of a container _______ the pressure
  will increase

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3.2 The Gas Laws

• The Combined Gas Law
• Describes the relationship among the temperature,
  volume, pressure of a gas when the number of
  particles is constant.

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3.3 Phase Changesboiling melting
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Cond evap
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Endo v exo thermic

• Endothermic
• Absorbs energy
• Exothermic
• Releases energy

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