Phases of Matter and Changes of Phase

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Phases of Matter and Changes of Phase

• Do We Get New Materials Or Do We Get The Same
  Things Just Re-Done?

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What Are Phases of Matter?

• The physical forms in which a substance can exist

Four Phases of Matter
Solids
Gases
Liquids
Plasma
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Solids

• Phase of matter in which matter has a definite
  shape and volume

Molecules (small round objects) are arranged and
organized in tightly packed order
Molecules Vibrate In Place
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Liquids

• Phase of matter in which matter takes the shape
  of its container and has definite volume

Molecules are moving slowly not fast enough to
overcome the attractions between them
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Gases

• Phase in which matter changes in both volume and
  shape

Molecules move very quickly and are able to break
apart from one another
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Plasma

• Phase of matter that does not have a definite
  shape or volume and whose particles have broken
  apart

Can be found in lightning, fire, and the Aurora
Borealis
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Why Do Different Phases Exist?

• Behavior of Molecules

Molecules are too small to see
but they are always in motion, constantly
bumping into one another
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So How Do We Classify Them?

• How fast the molecules move!!!

Solids Liquids Gases Plasmas
Molecules move slow and vibrate in place Move faster than solids and overcome some attraction Move fast and overcome all of attraction Move incredibly fast but break apart
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5 Major Changes of State

• Freezing

• Melting

• Boiling

• Evaporation

• Sublimation

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Freezing

• Freezing The change of state from liquid to
  solid

As liquids cool their particles begin to slow,
bringing them closer together forming crystals
Freezing Point
Loss of Thermal Energy!!
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Melting

• Melting The change of state from solid to
  liquid

As a substance absorbs heat energy the objects
particles begin to heat up and move faster and
farther away from one another
Melting Point
Gain of Thermal Energy!!
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Boiling

• Boiling process that occurs when vaporization
  takes place inside a liquid as well as on the
  surface

Dependant on how strongly the particles in an
object are held together
Boiling Point
Gain of Thermal Energy!!
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Evaporation

• Evaporation occurs when a liquid acquires enough
  energy to become a gas only on the surface of the
  liquid

Gain of Thermal Energy!!
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Condensation

• Condensation Occurs when a gas loses enough
  thermal energy to become a liquid

Particles in a gas lose energy and begin to move
slower, coming closer together
Loss of Thermal Energy!!
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Sublimation

• Sublimation occurs when the surface particles
  of a solid gain enough energy to become a gas

Gain of Thermal Energy!!
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What happens when things melt, boil, etc. ?

• During a phase change, Thermal Energy is either
  absorbed or released

Solid to Liquid
Thermal Energy Absorbed
Liquid to Gas
Gas to Liquid
Thermal Energy Released
Liquid to Solid
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What happens to substances when they are heated
or cooled?

• When objects are heated...they

Expand

• When objects are cooled...they

Contract
Water is the only exception...it actually
expands as it cools
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Change of State Graph
Gas Warming
Solid Melting
Liquid Vaporizing (Boiling)
Liquid Warming
Solid Warming
What changes occur as you slowly heat a beaker of
ice from 10 to 110 degrees Celsius?