Biology Project Wastes recycling industry, Examples of 4Rreduce,recycle,reuse,replace

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Biology ProjectWastes recycling
industry,Examples of 4R(reduce,recycle,reuse,repl
ace)

• Cheung Wan Ming(3)
• Yip Kit Yu (16)

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Why the wastes recycling is important to Hong
Kong?

• Hong Kong s waste problem
• Hong Kong, like many developed places, has seen
  its waste loads grow as its economy has grown.
  Municipal waste loads have increased an average
  of about three per cent per year since 1986
• The per capita level of domestic waste has risen
  from 0.95 kilograms per person per day in 1990,
  to 1.11 kilograms in 2002.

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• About 6million ton of waste dumped in landfills
  each year
• 55 (3.4million ton) municipal solid waste
• 38 construction and demolition waste
• 7 other wastes (sludge, animal carcass)
• The 3 Strategic Landfills (Nim Wan, Tseung Kwan O
  and Ta Kwu Ling ) are filling up fast
• Remaining capacity around 110million tonnes
• Expected to last another 10-15 years
• Annual operating cost HK420 Million

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• The continued growth in waste loads means Hong
  Kong is running out of landfill space far earlier
  than expected.
• The remaining landfill space will last only for 7
  to 11 years if waste levels continue to increase
  at current levels.
• We will face a crisis in the next decade of
  having nowhere to put the thousands of tonnes of
  waste thrown away each day.

Thus, Hong Kong needs to regenerate several
different types of waste in order to reduce the
waste loads.
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Solid waste transfer disposal in Hong Kong
Source http//www.epd.gov.hk/epd/
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What is recycling?

• It includes recovery and utilization
• Recovery
• The collection of waste materials that can be
  used
• Utilization
• The processing of diverted waste into new and
  useful materials and products

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The importance of recycling of waste materials

• Reduce the rate of depletion of natural resources
• Reduce the air pollution
• Reduce the needs for landfill sites
• Save energy used in some process

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Waste recycling industry in HK

• According to the Environmental Protection
  Department ,there are about 300 active waste
  collectors and 50 waste recyclers in Hong Kong.

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Waste recycling industry in HK

• 1)Recycling of Municipal solid waste
• comprises solid waste from households, commercial
  and industrial sources.
• (eg plastic, paper, aluminium)
• 2.38million tonnes (36 of the total generated)
  were recovered
• 9 recycled locally
• 91 exported to the Mainland other countries
• The waste recycling
• industry of the solid
• wastesin HK is small.

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Recycling of paper

• In 2002,about 58 of the waste paper generated in
  Hong Kong Was recovered.
• They were either recycled locally or exported to
  China for recycling.
• 18 of the wastes are recycled locally
• 82 of them are exported to the Mainland or
  other countries
• In Hong Kong, there were about 156 private waste
  paper collectors and 2 paper recyclers in
  operation.

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Recycling of metals

• Metal wastes are classified into 2 types
• ferrous metals (eg alloy steel scrap)
• non ferrous metal ( egaluminium ,lead)
• In 2002, about 91 of the ferrous metal wastes
  and 76of the non-ferrous metals wastes were
  recovered.
• There are about 137 ferrous and 177 non-ferrous
  wastes metal dealers in Hong Kong.

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Recycling of plastics

• In 2002 ,only 38 of the plastic wastes was
  recovered
• because there is very limited re-processing
  of post-consumer plastics due to the complicated
  processing procedures.

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• 3 of the wastes are recycled locally
• 97 of them are exported to the Mainland or
  other countries
• An internationally recognized coding system of
  plastics has been adopted to facilitate
  separation and treatments of plastic wastes.

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The Plastic Coding System
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Types quantities of Municipal solid waste
recycled by the waste recycling industry in HK in
2003
Source http//www.epd.gov.hk/epd/
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Statistics of Municipal Solid Waste Recovered in
1990-2003
Source http//www.epd.gov.hk/epd/
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Key players in MSW recovery in HK
EPD green groups corporate
Street collectors cleansing workers
Medium or small size enterprises
More exporters, few recyclers
Source http//www.epd.gov.hk/epd/
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Example Industrialized Recycling
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Example The Process for Municipal Solid Waste
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• 2)Recycling of construction and demolition waste
• .Materials arising from construction, demolition,
  renovation
• Inert materials rock, debris, rubble,
• excavated soil, concrete, etc
• -Non-inert substances bamboo, timber, paper,
• vegetation, packaging waste, organics, etc.
• . Recyclable CD Material
• Reusable / Recyclable Materials
• eg soil, concrete, rock, asphalt, etc.

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Alternative Uses of CD Materials
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Solid Waste (eg construction and demolition
waste) Disposal in 1998-2002
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Efforts

• Government measures to enhance the waste
  reduction
• the government has established a Waste Reduction
  Committee which works out measures for reduction
  of waste production.
• The food and Environmental Hygiene Department has
  provided recycling bins for different types of
  wastes in around 200public areas
• The Agriculture Fisheries and Conservation
  Department has provided 300 recycling bins for
  BBQ forks in over 100 recreational sites
• supports the local waste recycling industry

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(B) Difficulties faced by recycling industry

• - No incentive for building constructors to
  separate and recycle waste
• The public awareness of the importance of
  environment protection is low
• Small flat sizes in Hong Kong restrict waste
  separation and storage
• Relatively small-scale recycling enterprises
  discourages investment on advanced waste recovery
  technology

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Reduce ,recycle ,reuse and replace

• What can we do to reduce the solid wastes?
• Reduce
• Recycle
• Reuse
• Replace

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Reduce

• Simplify your life as much as possible. Only keep
  belongings that you use/enjoy on a regular basis.
  By making the effort to reduce what you own, you
  will naturally purchase less/create less waste in
  the future.

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• -Examples
• Use less paper.
• Reduce the use of over-bleached tissue paper
  which may contain dioxins. .
• Cut down on gift wrapping paper.
• Separate waste paper at home and in office for
  paper recycling.
• Use less plastic bags and use durable bags or
  baskets. Plastic bags take years to decompose.
• Encourage the use of reusable dishes and utensils
  in fast food shops.
• Minimize the number of document copies.
• Use blank side of used paper to make note pads.
• Reuse envelopes.
• Use pencils for drafting rather than ball pens.
• Reduce the use of fluorescent pens. You can
  always underline your text.
• Bring your own mug to office. Avoid using paper
  cups

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Recycle

• To reduce the amount of raw materials used to
  make products and the amount of wastes that needs
  to be landfilled.

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• Examples
• Waste Paper Recycling Program in offices and
  homes
• Recycle
• White office paper
• letterhead, businessforms,
• - offset paper, scratch paper, copy paper ,
• Coloured paper ,Photo copies
• -Index cards
• -Computer printout paper
• -Standard business cards
• -Brochures and Newsletters (if not on glossy
  paper)

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• Waste Recycling Program in residential buildings
• Examples Newspapers,
• paper, cardboard,
• plastic, glass, aluminium
• Other wastes can also be recycled
• tin cans, scrap metal,
• alkaline batteries

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Reuse

• Just dont throw the wastes away without deeply
  consideration
• Examples
• Save reusable decoration e.g. plastic Christmas
  treesetc. for next year
• Donate unwanted gifts to needy
• reuse the paper which has been used on one side
  only for scrap paper
• Donate your old clothes and other products to
  charity
• Pick up books from your local library or used
  book store
• Donate your old computer equipment

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Replace

• New materials are used to replace the original
  one
• Examples
• -Replace your newspaper and magazines with the
  online news (save the papers)
• -Replace durable utensils with disposable
  foam-blow plastic containers, polystyrene
  utensils, paper cups and disposable wooden
  chopsticks.
• -Use handkerchiefs to replace the tissues

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References

• http//www.globalstewards.org/main.htm
• http//www.epd.gov.hk
• http//www.epa.gov/recyclecity/mainmap.htm
• http//www.susdev.org.hk/b5/paper/paper_ch2.asp
• http//www.epd.gov.hk/epd/textonly/english/environ
  mentinhk/waste/guide_ref/files/wr_plastics.pdf
• Advanced-level Biology for Hong Kong 2

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THE END