CCS Environmental Impacts

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CCS Environmental Impacts

• Roger Barrowcliffe, 14 November 2007

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Distribution of sources and sinks in Europe
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Sources and sinks in NW Europe (2030)
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Opportunities for environmental impact
Fuel extraction
Fuel transport
Power Generation
Emissions
CO2 transport
CO2 storage
Waste products
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Fuel environmental issues

• Fuel penalty has implications for
• Use of a finite resource
• Socio-economic impacts
• GHG and other emissions
• Occupational risk
• Fuel transport has implications for
• GHG and other emissions

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CO2 transport/pipelines

• Additional pipelines associated with
• Temporary land take and ecological impact
• Temporary socio economic impact
• Risk of rupture and consequent hazard
• Energy use through compression

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EU scale of CO2 capture and storage
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CO2 storage

• Use of offshore reservoirs associated with risk
  of
• Leaks to seawater and effect on ocean pH
• Accidental release at the wellhead
• Onshore reservoirs associated with
• Leakage, rupture and risk to humans/ecosystems

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Peterhead Power Station (as proposed by BP)
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Peterhead Power Station the process (1)
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Peterhead Power Station the process (2)
Capture, transport and storage of CO2
Pre-Combustion Decarbonisation
Power generation
H2O NOX and residual CO2
H2O ½ O2
CO2
Hydrogen rich fuel
Syngas
Electric Power
Natural gas
Gas turbines and HRSGs
Shift conversion of CO to CO2
CO2 Capture
Reformer
Partial Oxidation CH4 ½ O2 CO 2H2 Steam
Reforming CH4 H2O CO 3H2
Water Gas Shift Conversion CO H2O CO2 H2
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Peterhead Power Station the carbon balance
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Peterhead PS v Current CCGT PS
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Peterhead PS a comparison with existing
electricity generation
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Super critical coal fired PS additional
emissions (Source IPCC)
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Summary of environmental issues

• Most impacts are modest but widely distributed
• Some impacts are unknown and constitute risks