Global Climate Change: Africa

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Global Climate Change Africa Presented By
Nikole Kimes September 18, 2009
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Africa The Continent
Land Area 30 million sq km Countries 53
countries Population 1,001,000,000 Annual
Growth Rate 2.7 Gross National Income 1226
US Malnutrition 25 Youth Literacy Rate 73
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Africa The Countries
Egypt
Nigeria
Kenya
South Africa
Land Area Population Density Growth Rate Poverty
(lt1/day) Malnutrition Gross National
Income Youth Literacy Rate Gross Domestic
Product GDP Rank (out of 179)
1 mil km2
0.6 mil km2
0.9 mil km2
1.2 mil km2
83 mil
149 mil
39 mil
49 mil
83 p/km2
162 p/km2
40 p/km2
66 p/ km2
2.2
2.7
3.0
0.3
2.0
64
21
26
4.0
9.0
31
2.5
1580 US
930 US
680 US
5760 US
85
74
90
89
162 mil
214 mil
30 mil
277 mil
49
41
82
32
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Ecological Footprints
Definition A measurement of resource consumption
and waste output compared to the renewable
capacity of natural resources (measured in
hectares per person).
Nigeria
Kenya
South Africa
Egypt
4.04 41
1.31 93
1.15 101
1.7 81
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Profiles(without LULUCF)
Egypt
Nigeria
Kenya
South Africa
Total GHG in 1990
116,739 Gg
21,466 Gg
347,349 Gg
---
Total GHG in 1994
---
242,626 Gg
---
379,837
Changes in GHG
---
---
---
2.3/yr
GHG per Capita
3 tons
2.1 tons
0.3 tons
9 tons
Carbon Intensity
1.21
1.49
0.69
2.62
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Profiles(without LULUCF)
Egypt (CO2)
South Africa (CO2)
Nigeria (CH4/CO2)
Kenya (CH4)
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Energy Consumption(1999)
Egypt

• SA has largest GDP and uses the greatest amount
  of energy whereas Kenya has the lowest GDP and
  uses the least energy
• Co2 is the driving force behind SA and Egypts
  GHG emissions (Industry) whereas Nigeria and
  Kenya have substantial amounts of CH4
  (Residential)

Nigeria
Kenya
South Africa
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Water Consumption
Egypt (127)
Nigeria (1.9)
Kenya (9.2)
South Africa (32)
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Climate Impacts on Africa Water

• Water Stress Northern and Southern Africa are
  very likely to experience higher water stress by
  2020, while Eastern and Western Africa are likely
  to experience a reduction in water stress.
• Stream Flow Models show a range (from 15
  decrease to 5 increase of 1990 levels) of change
  in stream flow by 2050.
• Hydrology Negative drainage and runoff impacts
  are concentrated in the east-west band separating
  the Sahara from tropical Central Africa, as well
  as parts of southern Africa.

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Climate Impacts on Africa Agriculture

• Change in Growing Season
• Change in Agricultural Potential
• Increased Erosion
• Decreased Yields

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Climate Impacts on Africa Health

• Increased prevalence of infectious diseases due
  to increased temperature and flooding.
• Compromised populations due to shifting emergence
  patterns, as well as, food and water scarcity.

Epidemic Malaria
Epidemic Meningitis
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Global Distribution of Vulnerability to Climate
Change (using scenario A2 and assuming emissions
cap at 550ppm)
2050
2100
A range of factors including wealth, technology,
education, information, skills, infrastructure,
access to resources, and various psychological
factors and management capabilities can modify
adaptive capacity (e.g., Block and Webb, 2001
Ellis and Mdoe, 2003 Adger and Vincent, 2005
Brooks et al., 2005 Grothmann and Patt, 2005).
Adaptation is shown to be successful and
sustainable when linked to effective governance
systems, civil and political rights and literacy
(Brooks et al., 2005). IPCC 2007 WG2 p. 452
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Adaptation in Africa

• Adaptation Practices
• Improve water sanitation
• Waste water management
• Optimize water usage through improved irrigation
  and agriculture drainage-water practices
• Use and development of drought-resistant crops
• Weather Insurance
• School feeding schemes
• Expanding preventative care for infectious
  diseases
• Improving treatment services for healthcare
• Long-term Adaptation Stategies
• Conflict resolution
• Reduced poverty
• Improved education
• Civil and political rights

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Questions?