The Knowledge Staircase

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The Knowledge Staircase

• Elkin Alberto Arias Arias
• Universidad de Antioquia
• Medellin, Colombia
• George-August Universität
• Göttingen, Germany

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• We drown in Information but are hungry of
  Knowledge
• John Naisbitt, 1929

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Expert Vs. Novice
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Expert Vs. Novice

• ...even though both of them may have equivalent
  intellectual abilities, the differences in their
  knowledge makes one a novice and the other an
  expert problem solver.
• (Eysenck, Keane, 2000, 413)

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Novice
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Expert
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Learning
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Information Processing
Input
The Human
Output
Schmidt (1998)
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The knowledge Staircase
Competitive capacity
Strategic
Competence
Action
Right acting
Know how
Motivation
Knowledge
Aplication
Information
Relation (context Experience Expetactives)
Data
Meaning
Signals
operative
Syntax
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Signals

• Physical stimuli that can be percived, i.e.
  Lights, movements, shapes, signs, touches,
  sounds,etc

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Data

• Symbols wich are not yet interpreted and are
  product of observations
• Mean temperature.
• The red light on the corner of a street.
• Percent obtained in a test.

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Information

• Data in context and with a meaning. It is
  conected with other information in long-time
  memory.

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Information

• Information processing
• Identification

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Knowledge
"Information is the raw material for knowledge.
... to obtain knowledge from information, the
human being must choose, compare, evaluate, draw
consequences, act and exchange with others. "
(Reinmann-Rothmeier und Mandl 2001, 466)
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Knowledge

• Information Action
• Knowledge

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Action

• "
• An often complex series of coordinated and
  environmental movements which an individual
  performs. It is distinguished from the mere
  conduct in that action is addressed to achieving
  a goal. The target may be in a change in the
  environment or in a change in the individuals
  situation. "

movements
"An often complex series of coordinated and
environmental movements which an individual
performs. It is distinguished from the mere
conduct in that action is addressed to achieving
a goal. The target may be in a change in the
environment or in a change in the individuals
situation. "
Schaub, 1993
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Competence

• Ability or Skill which concrets at the time of
  its utilisation.
• The competence, oriented knowledge put on action,
  differs master from apprentice.

(North, 1998, 40)
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Data, Information and Knowledge

• Signal physical stimuli
• Data associated physical
  stimuli
• Information associated Data
• Knowledge associated
  Information
• Competence Knowledge expression

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Implications
Sports teaching and learning is not a process of
transmition of information. Sport Teaching
and Learning should be a process of knowledge
structuration.