Mayflower Compact

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Mayflower Compact
Agreement signed in 1620 by the Pilgrims in
Plymouth, to consult each other about laws for
the colony and a promise to work together to make
it succeed. Civil body politic
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1607
Jamestown First Permanent English Settlement in
America
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Primary Sources

• Original records of an event
• Includes
• speeches, letters, diaries
• photographs, artifacts
• eyewitness reports

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Mercantilism
an economic theory that a countrys strength is
measured by the amount of gold it has, that a
country should sell more than it buys and that
the colonies exist for the benefit of the Mother
Country.
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Representative Government
a system of government in which voters elect
representatives to make laws for them
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House of Burgesses
first representative assembly in the new world
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
1st written Constitution in America
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Secondary Sources

• Later Writings Interpretation of
• Historians and Writers
• Include
• Textbooks Articles
• Provide summaries of information found in primary
  sources

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Middle Passage

• voyage of slave ships from Africa to
• the Americas
• slave trade provides cheap labor to work on
  plantations in the south

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William Penn

• Quaker leader, helped develop
• self-government in America,
• founded Pennsylvania

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July 4, 1776
Declaration of Independence was signed.
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Thomas Jefferson
Wrote the Declaration of Independence Became
the 3rd President of the United States
Purchased the Louisiana Territory, doubling the
size of the United States
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Unalienable Rights

• Rights that cannot
• be given up, taken away or transferred.
• These rights
• include
• Life
• Liberty
• And Pursuit of Happiness

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George Washington

• Leader of the Continental Army
• 1st President of the United States

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Articles of Confederation
1st American constitution It was a very WEAK
document that limited the power of the Congress
by giving States the final authority over all
decisions.
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Treaty of Paris of 1763
Ended the French and Indian War and
effectively kicked the French out of North
America.
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Treaty of Paris 1783
Ended the American Revolution and forced
Britain to recognize the United States as an
independent nation.
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Lexington, Massachusetts
1st shots of the American Revolution were fired
here in April 1775.
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Concord, Massachusetts
Site of the 1st battle of the American
Revolution.
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Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the American Revolution
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Yorktown, Virginia
British were defeated by George Washingtons
troops signaled the end of the American
Revolution.
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Tyranny

• A cruel and unjust government.

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Common Sense

• Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to convince
  colonists that it was time to become independent
  from Britain.

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Thomas Paine
Wrote pamphlets like Common Sense and The Crisis
to encourage American independence and resolve.
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Sam Adams
Member of the Sons of Liberty who started the
Committee of Correspondence to stir public
support for American independence.
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Ben Franklin
Inventor, writer, statesman, diplomat, signer of
the Declaration of Independence and delegate to
Constitutional Convention.
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King George III
King of England who disbanded the colonial
legislatures, taxed the colonies, and refused the
Olive Branch Petition leading to the final break
with the colonies.
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Patrick Henry
Passionate patriot who became famous for his
fiery speeches in favor of American independence.
His most famous quote included the words, Give
me liberty or give me death!
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Marquis de Lafayette
French nobleman who fought for American
independence
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John Paul Jones

• Famous sea captain who said,
• I have not yet begun to fight!

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Declaration of Independence
Document written by Thomas Jefferson, declaring
the colonies independence from England.
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Constitution of the United States was written.
1787
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Constitution of the U. S. - Sets out the laws and
principles of the government of the United States.
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Federalism
Sharing of power between the states and the
national government
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Federalists
Supporters of the Constitution who favored a
strong national government.
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Federalist Papers
Series of essays written by James Madison, John
Jay, and Alexander Hamilton, defending the
Constitution and the principles on which the
government of the United States was founded.
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Magna Carta
Signed in 1215, was the first English document
that limited power of the ruler.
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Anti-Federalists
People opposed to the Constitution, preferring
more power be given to the state governments than
to the national government.
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Northwest Ordinance
Policy of establishing the principles and
procedures for the orderly expansion of the
United States.
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Checks and Balances
System set up by the Constitution in which each
branch of the federal government has the power to
check, or control, the actions of the other
branches.
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Judicial Review
The Supreme Court has the final say in
interpreting the Constitution.
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Republicanism
An attitude toward society in the late 1700s
based on the belief that the good virtue and
morality of the people was essential to sustain
the republican form of government.
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Republic

• A nation in which voters choose representatives
  to govern them.

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Three Branches of Government
Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Executive
Branch
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Amend

• To change, such as adding Amendments to the
  Constitution.

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Separation of Powers
System in which each branch of government has
its own powers.
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Free Enterprise System
Freedom of private businesses to operate
competitively for profit with minimal government
regulation.
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Democracy

• Form of government that is run for and by the
  people, giving people the supreme power.

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Ratify

• To approve by vote.

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English Bill of Rights
Protected the rights of English citizens and
became the basis for the American Bill of Rights.
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Bill of Rights
1st Ten amendments to the Constitution and
detail the protection of individual liberties.
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Great Compromise
Created two houses of Congress. One based on
population, the other gave equal representation
to each state.
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Alexander Hamilton

• Leader of the Federalists, first Treasurer of
  the United States, creator of the Bank of the
  U.S., and killed in a duel by the Vice President
  of the United States, Aaron Burr.

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James Madison

• Considered
• the
• Father of the Constitution

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1803
President Thomas Jefferson purchased the
Louisiana Territory from France.
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1812
War with Great Britain over control of land east
of the Appalachian Mts. Era of Good Feelings
followed.
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Mexican War
War fought after Texas became a state over
Western boundary of Texas and other territory in
Southwest.
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Abolitionist
Person who wanted to end slavery in the United
States.
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Protective Tariff
Tax placed on goods from another country to
protect the home industry.
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Tariff
Tax on goods brought into a country
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Manifest Destiny
Belief that the United States should own all of
the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
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Monroe Doctrine

• Foreign policy statement by President James
  Monroe stating that
• the U.S. would not interfere in European affairs,
  and
• that the western hemisphere was closed to
  colonization and/ or interference by European
  nations

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Marbury v. Madison
1803 Court decision that gave the Supreme Court
the right to determine whether a law violates the
Constitution. It set up the principle of
judicial review.
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Dred Scott v. Sandford
Supreme Court decision that said slaves were
property and not citizens.
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Nullification
The idea of a state declaring a federal law
illegal.
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Civil Disobedience
The refusal to obey a government law or laws as a
means of passive resistance because of ones
moral conviction or belief, led by Thoreau.
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Sectionalism
Strong sense of loyalty to a state or section
instead of to the whole country.
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Temperance Movement
Campaign against the sale or drinking of alcohol.
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Popular Sovereignty
The practice of allowing each territory to decide
for itself whether or not to allow slavery.
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Industrial Revolution
The era in which a change from household
industries to factory production using powered
machinery took place.
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George Washingtons Farewell Address
Advised the United States to stay neutral in its
relations with other nations and to avoid
entangling alliances.
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Andrew Jackson
Leader of the original Democratic Party and a
President of the people. He was also
responsible for the Trail of Tears, which forced
Native Americans west of the Mississippi River.
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John C. Calhoun
South Carolina Congressman and Senator who spoke
for the South before and during the Civil War.
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Henry Clay
Powerful Kentucky Congressman and Senator who
proposed the American System and the Compromise
of 1850.
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Daniel Webster
Massachusetts Congressman and Senator who spoke
for the North and the preservation of the Union.
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Frederick Douglass
Former slave who became the best-known black
abolitionist in the country.
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James Monroe
Author of the Monroe Doctrine, which shut down
the western hemisphere to European expansion or
interference.
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Harriet Tubman
Escaped slave who became a Conductor on the
Underground Railroad and helped over 300 slaves
to freedom in the North.
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Organized the Seneca Falls Convention creating
the Womens Rights Movement in the United States.
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Cotton Gin
Invention by Eli Whitney that speeded the
cleaning of cotton fibers and in effect,
increased the need for slaves.
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Steamboat
Robert Fultons steamboat revolutionized
transportation and trade in the United States.