General Chemistry

1
General Chemistry

• Atomic Structure/Configuration
• Part 2 PowerPoint Notes

2
Electron Cloud

• Electron Configuration how the electrons are
  arranged within the electron cloud
• Bohr Published the idea that electrons are
  energetic particles that exist on distinct energy
  levels
• Schrodinger Revised the Bohr model to include
  the ideas of energy sublevels, wave nature, and
  much more...

3
Periodic Table Labeling
S block blue d block red P block
yellow f block green
4
Moores Motel Analogy

• Managers
• Aufbau Each room/bed on the lower floors must
  be occupied before moving to a higher floor.
• Pauli A maximum of two guests may occupy a bed.
  Guests must sleep head to foot.
• Hund Single guests must occupy separate beds in
  a room. No pairing occurs unless no empty beds
  exist.

5
Moores Motel Analogy

• Rooms available
• S Single room, has only one bed (sleeps 2)
• P Prestige room, has three beds (sleeps 6)
• D Deluxe room, has five beds (sleeps 10)
• F Fabulous room, has 7 beds (sleeps 14)

6
The analogy...

• Hotel electron cloud
• Floors energy levels
• 1-7 COEFFICIENTS
• Rooms sublevels (shapes)
• s sphere, p dumbbell, d f
• Beds orbitals ( axis)
• x, y,and z
• Guests electrons
• Up and down direction of spin

7
As you come in,

• Place your periodic table and homework on your
  desk.
• Find the Managers in your notes from yesterday.
  Revise the managers rules to reflect the ATOM
  instead of the hotel.
• Ex. Aufbau Each sublevel on the lower energy
  levels must be occupied...
• Get your folder out to present soon.

8
As you come in,

• Please begin reading pages 371-376.
• On page 371, relate each blue bold word to our
  analogy of Moores Motel.
• Look closely at Figure 11.17 on page 372.
• Notice Paulis rule stated on page 375.
• Read Example 11.1 on page 376 closely.
• Well begin investigating more deeply in 20
  minutes.

9
As you come in,

• Place your video worksheet on your desk.
• Answer the following questions
• What rule states that only 2 electrons can occupy
  an orbital?
• What rule states that orbitals should be filled
  one at a time?
• What rule says that if 2 electrons occupy an
  orbital then they must have opposite spin?
• What rule says to fill the lowest energy levels
  first?

10
Review

• Write the electron configurations for the
  following elements
• Cr, Ag, Sm, and At
• What can you tell about the electron cloud from
  the electron configurations?
• Energy levels?
• Sublevels?
• Orbitals?
• Electrons?

11
Orbital Diagrams

• Visual representation of electron cloud
• Exceptions to Aufbau principle
• Chromium and Copper columns
• Stability of filled and half-filled sublevels
• Arrangements impact on bonding

12
As you enter,

• Get your Text Reading assignment out.
• Find your card at a lab area station.
• Using your text reading assignment, discuss the
  following ideas with your group
• Describe the relationship between wavelength and
  frequency of a wave.
• Which has longer wavelength blue light or red
  light?
• Is light a wave or a stream of particles?
• Why do we see light when elements are burned?

13
Energetic Electron

• Electrons are energetic, and they exist on energy
  levels
• Quantum specific amount of energy needed to
  move from one energy level to the next.
• During this movement, energy is absorbed and
  released. Light is sometimes visible.

14
Emission of Energy

• Emission release
• Release from an atom in the form of waves
  (speed, wavelength, and frequency)
• Equation
• Speed wavelength x frequency
• See symbols and units on the board
• Photon Light quantum a packet of energy
• Energy of a photon Ehv

15
Electromagnetic Spectrum
16
Waves have ENERGY!

• Photon Light quantum a packet of energy
• The longer the wavelength...the lower the energy
  of the wave.
• Equation
• Energy (Plancks constant) x frequency
• Energy (6.626x10-34Js) x frequency

17
Electromagnetic Wave Calculations

• Look at the two equations on the board. What
  variable do they have in common?
• So, if I know the _______ of a wave, then I can
  calculate its wavelength AND its energy.
• ALSO, I can use the wavelength to determine what
  kind of wave it is.

18
Atomic Emission Spectra

• Unique to each element
• Fingerprint
• Used to identify unknowns
• Shows all wavelengths of visible light given off
  by an atom
• Flame Test Lab