NV Cues and Deception

1
NV Cues and Deception

• Enacting and Detecting Deception via NV Behaviors

2
Nature of Deception

• Broadly defined as a conscious, intentional
  behavior committed w/ the full knowledge that the
  information is untrue.
• Deceptive acts can be verbal or NV.
• Deception is a very commonplace phenomenon.
• Statistics illustrate how much we lie

3
Perceived Vs. Actual Accuracy

• Perceived accuracy rates for deception detection
• Average estimate is between 65-70
• Actual accuracy rates for deception detection
• Considerably lower
• Based on review of studies, rate is around 55
• Implication of this actual accuracy rate

4
Detection Hypotheses

• Lay hypothesis
• Leakage hypothesis
• Verbal cue hypothesis
• Which hypothesis works best?
• Most prefer leakage
• Most accurate seems to be verbal cue

5
Factors Affecting Deception Abilities

• Individual differences
• Expressiveness positive relationship
• Machiavellianism positive relationship
• Anxiety negative relationship
• Self-monitoring positive relationship
• Age and NV encoding ability positive
  relationship
• Occupation
• Contextual effect
• Interactive versus non-interactive context

6
Primary Causes of Leakage Cues

• Increases in physiological arousal
• Can stem from multiple sources
• Increase in feelings of anxiety/negative affect
• Leakage is primarily through self-adaptors
• Cognitive difficulty (a.k.a., cognitive load)
• Duping delight

7
Ways of Stopping the Leakage

• Use of either non-immediacy or immediacy
• Enacting image manipulations
• Arousal reduction
• Use of ambiguous messages/cues
• Control of suspicious leakage cues

8
Why Are We Poor Lie Detectors?

• Truth and lie biases
• Powerful effect of truth bias (esp. w/ intimates)
• Lie biases exists also (e.g., Othello error)
• Focus on incorrect cues
• What cues should we use?
• What cues do we use?
• Comparison of the two explains our poor
  abilities

9
Why Are We Poor Lie Detectors?

• False confidence in abilities
• Probing effect
• Evidence suggests probing decreases accuracy
• Lack of vigilance (i.e., passivity)
• Unfamiliarity of behaviors
• Greater familiarity greater accuracy

10
Why Are We Poor Lie Detectors?

• Use of collaborative deceptions
• Accepting the lie because it is expected
• Accepting the lie may be mutually advantageous
• Accepting the lie may avoid embarrassment
• Accepting the lie to avoid finding out the truth
• Accepting the lie because we requested it

11
Suggestions for Improving Accuracy

• Focus on the right NV indicators.
• Beware of the biases that exist to hurt accuracy.
• Rely on verbal cues as well some argue that it
  is better than NV.
• Quantity amount of information
• Quality veracity of information
• Relevance relevance of information
• Manner clarity of information