Delivering Performance While Conserving Power AMD

1
Delivering Performance While Conserving Power
(AMD)

• Brent KerbyProduct Manager, Servers
  WorkstationsMicroprocessor Solutions SectorAMD
  www.amd.com

2
Did You Know?
The combined total of data centers in California
are estimated to require 250MW 375MW of
energy. Thats equivalent to 3,495 5,242
barrels of oil a day!
SOURCE California Energy Commission
http//www.energy.ca.gov/reports/2004-04-07_500-04
-004.PDF
3
IT Managers Have A Problem
Power Consumption/Cooling Issues Tracked By
Company 71
How Are Companies Addressing These Issues
Stopped Buying More Servers And/Or Consolidated
Existing Equipment
Base 1,177 IT Decision Makers November
2005 Strategy Group/Ziff-Davis
Average of 18 of total rack space wasted due to
power and cooling issues
4
Microprocessor Innovations Reducing power and
cooling
Processor Power Management
Dual-Corenative design
Virtualization Technology
Efficient Architecture
Memory Sub-System
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OS-Directed Power Management

• AMD PowerNow! technology with Optimized Power
  Management
• Multiple performance states for optimized power
  management
• Dynamically reduces processor power based on
  workload
• Lowers power consumption without compromising
  performance
• Leverages industry standards
• Up to 75 CPU power savings at idle

P-State
HIGH
P0 2600MHz 1.40V 95watts
P1 2400MHz 1.35V 90watts
P2 2200MHz 1.30V 76watts
PROCESSOR UTILIZATION
P3 2000MHz 1.25V 65watts
P4 1800MHz 1.20V 55watts
P5 1000MHz 1.10V 32watts
LOW
EXAMPLE ONLY
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OS-Directed Power Management
-7
MAX
-43
-55
-73
-69
-75
MIN
AMD PowerNow! technology can provide up to 75
power savings! Benchmarks show no measurable
performance impact!
7
Efficiency Through Instruction Sets
AMD64 Technology
Virtualization
32-bit to 64-bit
25 increase
Can Reduce number of power consuming servers
Getting more done without increased power and heat
http//www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInforma
tion/0,,30_118_8796_8800100357,00.html
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Dual-CoreIncreasing performance without
facilities upgrades
Dual-Core Processors Increasing throughput within
the same power and cooling envelope  as
single-core processors
Performance based on SPECweb99_SSL 82,244
connections http//www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/P
roductInformation/0,,30_118_8796_8800102056,00.ht
ml
9
Architectures Effects On Power
190 watts (95w per CPU)
Native Dual-Core
Native Dual-Core
MCP Dual-Core
MCP Dual-Core
300 watts (150w per CPU)
PCI-E Bridge
PCI-E Bridge
22 watts
I/O Hub
I/O Hub
USB
PCI

• Legacy x86 Architecture
• 300 watts for processors (150w each)
• 22 watts for external memory controller
• 451 per year (1 server)
• 225,698 per year (500 servers)
• 69 More

• AMD64 Technology with
• Direct Connect Architecture
• 190 watts for processors (only 95w each)
• Integrated memory controllers
• 266 per year (1 server)
• 133,000 per year (500 servers)

322 watts
190 watts
Energy includes power input cooling, Power
Utility cost 0.10/KW-hr, Publicly available
processor chipset specifications. The examples
contained herein are intended for informational
purposes only. Other factors will affect
real-world power consumption and cost
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Architectures Effects On Power
380 watts (95w per CPU)
692 watts (173w per CPU)
MCP
PCI-E Bridge
14 watts
PCI-E Bridge
I/O Hub
I/O Hub
Memory Controller Hub
USB
PCI-E Bridge
PCI
PCI-E Bridge
PCI-E Bridge
8.5 watts
8.5 watts
8.5 watts
8.5 watts
XMB
XMB
XMB
XMB
I/O Hub
USB
PCI

• Legacy x86 Architecture
• 692 watts for processors (173w each)
• 48 watts for external memory controller
• 1037 per year (1 server)
• 518,592 per year (500 servers)
• 95 More

• AMD64 Technology with
• Direct Connect Architecture
• 380 watts for processors (only 95w each)
• Integrated memory controllers
• 533 per/year (1 server)
• 266,304 per/year (500 servers)

740 watts
380 watts
Energy includes power input cooling, Power
Utility cost 0.10/KW-hr, Publicly available
processor chipset specifications. The examples
contained herein are intended for informational
purposes only. Other factors will affect
real-world power consumption and cost.
11
Challenges

• Efficient Power Supplies
• Typically only 72 efficient (at full load)
• Thats 280 watts in a 1000 watt load!
• Efficient Voltage Regulator Modules
• Processor, Memory
• Memory Technologies
• DDR2 DIMM 6 watts each
• FBDIMM 12 watts each
• Infrastructure Support of OS-Directed Power
  Management

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Driving Innovation And Awareness To Make A
Difference
13
Delivering Performance While Conserving PowerThe
mobile perspective

• Frank P. HelmsPrincipal Member Technical
  StaffLead Mobile System ArchitectMicroprocessor
  Solutions SectorAMD www.amd.com

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Agenda

• AMD Mobile Power Management Philosophy
• AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile Technology
• General Characteristics
• Power Management Mechanisms
• Dual Core Processor Benefits for Notebook PCs
• Windows Vista Power Management
• Demo

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Power Management PhilosophyBoth OS and hardware
are important

• To optimize battery life and performance both the
  operating system (OS) directed and Hardware (HW)
  autonomous mechanisms must be involved in
  power management

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Power Management PhilosophyMechanisms controlled
by the OS

• Mechanisms controlled by the OS have the
  following characteristics
• Involve user policy/preference
• Interactions with Applications and Drivers
• Knowledge of CPU usage by the applications which
  are running
• Examples of Mechanisms controlled by the
  OS include
• Transitions in and out of ACPI S-states
• Processor P-state control
• Halt (Processor C-state control)

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Power Management PhilosophyControlled
Autonomously by HW

• Mechanisms that are controlled autonomously by
  Hardware have the following characteristics
• Transparent to the OS, Software, and the User
• Mechanisms that are on microsecond and finer
  time scales
• Examples
• Using pre-charge power down mode (memory)
• Fine grain clock gating (processor, GPU, etc.)
• HyperTransport Link power management

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AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TechnologyGeneral
characteristics

• Dual Core (512 KB L2 per core)
• Dual Channel DDR2
• HyperTransport _at_ 800 MHz (6.4 GByte/s bandwidth
  total)
• Manufacturing process that is optimized for
  mobile (to minimize leakage current)
• 35x35mm lidless package and low profile socket

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AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TechnologyCore power
management

• C0
• P-states
• Dynamic fine grain clock gating of idle logic
• Pre-charge power down mode for system memory
• Cores can be halted (C1) individually
• Core by core power management
• C1E (Enhanced) When both cores are halted,
  additional power savings mechanisms can
  be applied
• HyperTransport link can be disconnected
• System Memory in self refresh
• On-die northbridge clock grid ramps down

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AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TechnologyPower
management overview
Deeper Sleep VDD plane voltage is reduced further
Core0 C0
Core1C0
Core1C1
Core0C1

• Both cores executing code (C0)

• Core 1 Halted(C1) clock grid ramped down

• Both cores halted enables hardware C1E

Self Refresh
SODIMM
Northbridge
Northbridge
SODIMM
HT Connected
HT Disconnected
LCD
Chipset with GPU
Chipset with GPU

• Cores clock grids ramped down
• HT Disconnected
• System Memory in self refresh
• On-die Northbridge clock grid ramped down
• Chipset clock gating etc
• Deeper Sleep (AltVID)

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Dual Core CPUs Can Improve Performance And
Battery LifeHigher performance per watt

• Example TDP Breakdown for 2 GHz AMD mobile
  processors

2006
2005
Single Core (2GHz)
Core 0 (2GHz)
Core 1 (2GHz)
Fixed 35W TDP
On Die Northbridge
On Die Northbridge
32 W
32.8 W
I/O Power with 64bit DDR interface 2.2 W
I/O Power with 128bit DDR2 interface 3.0 W
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Windows Vista Power ManagementProcessor power
management

• AMD will be evaluating all Windows Vista
  configurable power management options
• AMD will publish recommendations for the use of
  Windows Vista power management options to
  optimize performance and battery life

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Dual Core Processor

• Frank P. HelmsLead Mobile System ArchitectAMD
  Japan Engineering Lab

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Call To Action

• Use AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile Technology for the
  best mobile experience with Windows Vista
• Contact AMD regarding
• Recommendations for optimized Windows Vista Power
  Policy settings for notebooks later this year
• Additional information on AMD Turion 64 X2
  Mobile Technology

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Delivering Performance While Conserving PowerThe
desktop perspective

• Paul C. StanleyDesktop Strategic Platform
  PlanningMicroprocessor Solutions SectorAMD
  www.amd.com

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Agenda

• Desktop Power Consumption
• The Energy Efficient Desktop
• The Microprocessor Contribution
• Desktop Power Management
• Platform Strategies for Reducing Power
• Windows Vista Power Management on the Desktop
• Call to Action

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Desktop Power Consumption

• Enthusiast Class platform can easily exceed
  800W - 1000W of total system power
• High-Performance CPU Dual GPU can exceed 60A on
  12V rails
• ATX 2.0 Specification two rails at 20A per rail
• 8-phase VRM, 4 GB System Memory, GPU Physics
  Card, 4xSATA RAID, 2xGbE, USB, 1394,
• Extreme Overclocking
• High-End Home Theater can exceed 400W
• A/V tuner(s), external speakers, 7.1 Surround
  Sound, HD DVD, big LCD Monitor, etc.
• Lets face it higher performance higher power

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The Energy Efficient Desktop

• Typical Mainstream PC, measured at the wall
• At Idle 150W - 200W
• http//www.tomshardware.com/2005/06/03/dual_core_s
  tress_test/
• Under Load 200 W (UMA) 350 W (discrete)
• Energy Efficient Desktop 50W to 100W
• http//www.silentpcreview.com/article313-page1.htm
  l
• Typical Commercial usage model
• 8 hours per day, 90 Idle
• Energy Efficient Desktop (estimated) electricity
  cost savings alone can easily exceed 100 per
  year per platform

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IDC Prognostication On SFFhttp//www.eweek.com/ar
ticle2/0,1759,1948894,00.asp?kcEWRSS03119TX1K0000
594

• Platforms include Small Form Factor (SFF),
  Ultra-Small Form Factor (USFF), All-In-One (AIO),
  Living Room PC (LRPC), Blade PC...
• 2005 U.S. Markets 31M Minitowers (77 of
  desktop market), 5M SFF (12)
• 2009 U.S. Markets 11M Minitowers (31), 15M
  SFF (42)
• 2005 to 2009 Global Markets 93M Minitower
  units (70) drops to 78M (lt 50)
• 2005 to 2009 Global Markets SFF 12M units (9)
  rises to 48M (30)
• SFF produces less heat and noise
• Dual Core CPU provides more performance for less
  energy cost
• SFF in standard form factors, with standard
  components, keeps costs low

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eWeek On SFFhttp//www.eweek.com/article2/0,1895,
1854790,00.asphttp//www.eweek.com/article2/0,189
5,1934114,00.asp

• Enterprise will drive the move to SFF
• Management costs, electricity, acoustics, all
  call for smaller, quieter desktop
• Expandability gives way to integration
• Shrinking the size (down to 6-9 liters) uses less
  power
• Standard desktop parts minimizes platform cost
• Data Center electricity usage is at the top of IT
  managers' list of worries
• Balance and tradeoff between performance and
  power
• "...the lowest-power system...pays me back over
  the life of the system"
• Desire for objective ways to measure power
  consumption, to be developed by third parties

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eWeek On SFF Trends Out To 2015http//www.eweek.c
om/article2/0,1895,1949079,00.asp?kcewnws041306dt
x1k0000599

• Full-size tower is marginalized
• Minitower (dominates U.S. retail today) is
  diminished
• SFF (7-20 liters) becomes most popular, uses
  low-cost desktop components
• SFF acoustics become unobtrusive, form factor
  fits anywhere (LRPC, etc.)
• USFF (1-7 liters) uses higher priced notebook
  components (miniaturization)
• All-In-One (U)SFF a la Apple iMac
• Blade PC Client for the Enterprise

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The Microprocessor ContributionAMD Athlon 64
Processors

• AMD Athlon 64 X2 vs AMD Athlon 64 (V)EE CPU
• AMD Athlon 64 X2 4800 _at_ 89 W standard TDP
• AMD Athlon 64 EE 4800 _at_ 65 W, VEE 3800 _at_ 35 W
• AMD Athlon 64 X2 drops to 9 W at Idle
• (V)EE drops as low as 1 W (matching AMD Turion
  64)
• AMD Athlon 64 embeds TCaseMax and TDP data
• AMD Athlon 64 TDP has steadily declined
• Examples (CPU samples are widely divergent, your
  mileage may vary)
• CPU TCaseMax
  TDP
• A64 X2 3800 (Toledo) 63C 65.6 W standard 89
  W
• A64 4800 (Toledo) 59C 85.0 W standard 110 W
• A64 3000 (Venice) 57C 44.1 W 66 of standard
  67 W
• A64 4000 (San Diego) 59C 50.0 W 56 of
  standard 89 W

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AMD Athlon 64 Energy Efficient CPUs

• Energy-efficient processors drive new class of
  platforms
• Thin Clients and PC Blades for Enterprise
• SFF Desktops for Home and for Business
• Smaller footprint reaches further into the Home
• Better Acoustics are Required
• Accurate Temperature Monitoring enables improved
  fan control
• Total-System Energy Efficiency is Required
• Regulatory Programs (EnergyStar, Blue Angel,
  Nordic Swan) are driving challenging new
  requirements for Energy Efficiency
• Building Blocks
• Energy efficient components
• Improved power management leveraging mobile
  technology
• Robust implementation of CoolnQuiet Technology
• Accurate Temperature Monitoring infrastructure

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Desktop Power Management

• Its not about power management, per se
• Its really about delivering a better user
  experience, lowering costs, and enabling new
  usage scenarios
• Lower thermals fewer/slower system fans
• Less noise improved acoustics
• Desktops are consuming more power, electricity
  costs are rising Do the math
• Home use scenarios demand quiet systems
• 7 of 10 IT Shops track power consumption
• http//enterprise.amd.com/Downloads/Ziff_Power_and
  _Cooling_IT_survey_en.pdf

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AMD Power Management

• AMD CoolnQuiet on AMD Athlon 64 CPU
• Performance On Demand
• Up to 75 or more CPU power savings at Idle
• No impact on the performance of other platform
  subsystems (Memory Controller, HyperTransport...)
• Fully synchronized Dual Core power management
• Load Balancing across dual cores can lower total
  CPU power consumption by as much as 50
• AMD Dual Core architecture optimizes chip-level
  interconnects for faster, lower-power operation
• AMD DirectConnect Architecture eliminates bus
  interface silicon and other overhead signals
• Saves tens of watts per system
• http//enterprise.amd.com/Downloads/34146A_PC_WP_e
  n.pdf

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Platform Strategies For Lowering Power

• Undervolting and underclocking components
• Lower voltage chips running at slower clock speed
  consume less power
• Deliberately choosing low-end components
• Often lower performance and lower voltage, but
  also lower power
• Selecting more efficient components
• Higher performance-per-watt ratio
• Using notebook PC components and subsystems
• But Desktop CPU is preferred over Mobile CPU
• Ease of implementation, infrastructure cost model

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Platform Impact Trends And Potentials

• AMD Athlon 64 CPU Roadmap now includes AMD
  Athlon 64 Energy Efficient (EE) CPU at 65 W and
  Very Energy Efficient (VEE) CPU at 35 W
• Enhanced Power Management Possibilities
• C1E Enhanced Sleep
• Clock gating can be beneficially implemented in
  virtually any silicon component
• GPU performance scaling is gaining traction
• Away Mode/Instant On for Media Center PC
• Enhanced Thermal and Acoustics Management
• Multiple thermal sensors to optimize fan control
• Instrumented PSU to enable PSU fan control

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Additional Hardware Options

• CPU, Motherboard, VRM, Chipset, PSU, System
  Memory, Storage (HDD, ODD)
• Select power efficient components
• Example Notebook HDD consumes 1 W
• Discrete Graphics adds 15 W at Idle and 30 W
  under load
• Many and varied platform power conversions waste
  as much as 50 of AC power input
• Improve PSU efficiency
• Todays better PSU 70, EnergyStar proposal
  80
• Other global programs Blue Angel, Nordic Swan...
• Improve VRM efficiency (today 80)
• Implement more highly power-optimized sleep
  components and algorithms

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Windows VistaDesktop power management

• Robust support for Sleep states encourages
  Windows Vista Power Management usage on Desktop
  PC
• Desktop Default is Hybrid Sleep S3 Standby ? S4
  Hibernate
• Focus on Desktop power consumption
• Group Policy control for IT usage
• Optimized S3 Resume performance (lt 2 seconds)

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Call To Action

• The entire PC ecosystem must cooperate and
  contribute to maximize the potential of the
  Energy Efficient Desktop

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Other Resources

• Download A64MaxTemp.zip (TCaseMax and TDP
  readout) freeware at
• http//www.thecoolest.zerobrains.com/forums/viewto
  pic.php?t83

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