Population change

1
Population change
2
Demography

• This is the study of population change
• To understand how families have changed in
  British society it is important to look at
  population change.
• There are many reasons for population change
• Divorce rates
• Birth rates
• Life expectancy
• Death rates
• Marriage rates

3
Divorce

• Divorce rates have risen drastically over the
  last 100 years
• This is because divorce is easier to obtain,
  because of legal changes the matrimonial and
  family law and family law act 1996
• These acts have made divorce a quicker easier
  process
• Change in religious practice and belief
  (secularisation) makes divorce more acceptable
  and easier.
• Woman no longer depend on men, Oakley woman are
  not financially dependent on their men if they
  work
• Functionalist interpretivist point of that
  increasing divorce is a break down in society.

4
Marriage
Many social and political commentators in western
societies say there is an decline in marriages.
(chester 1985) noted that the marriage rates in
western countries have declined.
There is many alternatives to marriage that is I
one of the main reasons why less people are
getting married e.g. cohabitation. Chandler 1993
28 of children are born to unmarried woman,
however fewer are born to lone parents, 70 have
registered mother and father to the same
address. Chester cohabitation is a temporary
phase, Stacey 1990 a post modern family this
suggests that people no longer need to follow a
strict pattern of social expectations they
renegotiate family arrangements and
relationships.

• 1981-1990 marriage rate in Britain has fallen
  from 7.1 to 6.8.
• in 1995 it has fallen to 6
• Chester mainly we seem to be witnessing a delay
  in the timing of marriage
• And Bernades 97 90 of woman all woman marry in
  uk compared to 70 in Victorian times by the
  age of 40 35 woman married 91 men..

5
Birth Rates

• The role of woman within the family has changed,
  woman used to live shorter lives, had more
  children in marriage and had few legal and
  social rights. It was difficult to have
  abortions and divorce was not permitted.
• Woman now want smaller families,and delay their
  first birth of their first child until their 25
  years of age.
• There is more social, legal technical factors
  that increase womans control of fertility
• the contraceptive pill
• Iv treatments
• The legalisation of abortion 1967

It is now common for woman to under-take
education and establish their careers beyond the
years when their bodies are most fertile. Woman
delay pregnancy for higher education or
stabilising their careers. A number of studies
have shown that families with young children are
likely to experience poverty, Gordan et al (2000)
suggest that 18 of families with one child and
40 lone parents experience poverty. McAllister
with Clarke 98 parenting is a low status
occupation
6
People in retirement early tend to be in better
health
Increase in those living over the age of 60 in
Britain
British life style is more relaxing and at old
age there is a lot of financial benefits e.g
pension, free transport.
DEath RaTeS
Increase In dependent Old people
Death rates from certain illnesses have dropped
because of modern technology
There are higher survival rates for pre-mature
babies and those experiencing disability through
birth accident
Children are now routinely checked and vaccinated
7
Life Expectancy

• People are living longer lives for many reasons
• healthier diets
• Balanced life styles
• Financial stability
• Better medication
• Health facilities
• Less economical problems
• People are more independent
• safer and healthier environmental conditions
• Better education

8
Conclusion
In conclusion population change is due to, a
better life and better circumstances. Woman have
more independence and freedom. SOCIOLOGISTS
Oakley MacAllister and clark Gordan et
al Chandler Chester Bernades