Karen Fraser, 16G06

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Karen Fraser, 16G06

• email, k.fraser_at_ulster.ac.uk, website,
  karenfraser.co.uk

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Exam 3 hours 20th August 2007 2.00pm Assembly
Hall You should also aim to arrive at the centre
at least 15-20 minutes before the examination is
due to start
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• Things to bring
• Calculator no phones!
• Pens preferably black
• Ruler
• Student card
• Seat number
• printed out from student web

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• Click on Student Web
• Then on
• Assessment/Examination Results and Personal
  Examination Timetables
• Then
• http//uuoas.ulster.ac.uk/exams/uu_exams_menu.main
  _page

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Revision

• Question paper will at your desk
• Dont turn it over until you are told to
• Fill out details on front of question booklet
• Fold over top right hand corner

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• Answer questions in booklet provided
• List the question numbers on the front cover
• Ask invigilator for extra booklets if you need
  them
• Tie them together with a treasury tag (provided)

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• Assume it will take you 10 minute to read the
  paper the exam lasts 3 hours leave 10 minutes
  at the end to check it and this will leave 40
  minutes per question
• If you have lots of time and are happy with what
  you have written answer another question I will
  take your best 4
• If something is unclear you can ask the
  invigilator present.

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• Read the whole paper before deciding which
  questions to answer
• Select your questions.
• Re-read the whole question before attempting to
  answer it
• Begin to write taking your best questions first
  or second.

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• As you tackle a question
• Plan your answer before you begin writing.
• If you want to make notes or a quick plan do it
  at the back of the booklet and score it all out
  when you are finished write do not mark
  across the page.
• Ensure everything you write is relevant to the
  specific questions asked.
• Stick to your time plan for the question.

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• DOS
• Be guided by the marks for each part
• Bring a couple of pens that work
• Write clearly
• Leave blank lines between question parts
• Start each question on a new page
• Write e.g. Book 2 of 3 when using several booklets

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• DONTS
• Dont write out the question
• Dont use red or green pen

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Possible questions
Compare and contrast the RGB and CMYK colour
models, including an illustration of the RGB
colour model. Give an example of a situation in
which you would use each model.
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• Describe
• RGB Colour
• Colour Depth
• Indexed Colour
• Colour Palettes
• Complementary Colours
• CMYK Colour
• Masking

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• You have been asked by a publisher to write a
  book entitled, Flash". As part of your
  submission
• Discuss the main benefits of using Flash.
• Small file size
• Interactive
• Intuitive easy to use
• Web standard and can be published as a projector
  file doing away with the need even for a plug in
• Layers and animation means that there are few
  things you cant do in Flash
• You can import standard file formats into it
  including sound and video, export file formats
  such as gifs and jpegs and embed Flash in HTML

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• Give a brief explanation of five major components
  used to create a Flash movie
• Stage - areas where actors perform
• Frame where individual pictures make up the
  animation
• Timeline plays the movie and tells you what
  frame you are on
• Movies animations within animations
• Toolbar- drawing and functional tools
• Layer allow objects or animations to be placed
  on top of one another
• Symbols items that can be reused to keep file
  sizes small
• Buttons clickable areas to allow interactivity

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• Possible QuestionsThe senior management in your
  company has asked that you write a brief report
  outlining the main benefits of Flash to justify
  your recent request that it be considered as the
  main development tool within the company. List
  the points you would make and comment briefly on
  each.
• A "night-time" scene is to be created in Flash
  and the author wishes to include 20 stars. The
  stars need to be of different sizes to use
  perspective to give the impression distance but
  can be the same shape. Explain how the use
  symbols can be used to minimise the storage
  requirements of the final movie.Create one
  symbol and just use instances of it from the
  library. You can drag the instance onto the
  stage from the library and
• resize it
• change its colour
• use alpha channels to fade it in and out

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• Compare and contrast the differences between
  keyframe, behavioural and frame by frame
  animation techniques giving a typical
  application of each.
• Keyframe
• You decide the start and start of the animation
  and Flash does the bits inbetween tweening
• Much faster than frame by frame
• Example animating or shape tweening
• Frame by frame
• You position each symbol for each individual
  frame
• You have complete control over every movement
• Disadvantage is that it is really slow
• Example useful for precise movement like a
  plant growing or for jerky movements that
  tweening would smooth out
• Behavioral
• Animation controlled by Actionscript rather than
  frames draw dynamic images using action script

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• Why use computers to animate?
• Cheaper than using people
• More accurate than hand drawn animations
• To do things not possible by drawing (special
  effects etc)
• To avoid repetitive tasks

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• HTML
• Same question every year cut and paste previous
  years into notepad and see what it looks like
• ltHTMLgt
• ltHEADgt
• ltTITLEgt1st Year IMDlt/Titlegt
• lt/HEADgt
• ltBODYgt
• lt/TABLEgt
• lt/BODYgt
• lt/HTMLgt

ltTABLE WIDTH750 ALIGNCENTER BORDER0
CELLPADDING0 CELLSPACING0gt ltCAPTION ALIGNTOPgt
Introduction to Multimedia lt/CAPTIONgt ltTRgt
lt/TRgt ltTHgt lt/THgt ltTDgt lt/TDgt
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• Previous years questions have asked
• how to make a piece of text a link
• ltTDgtltA HREFjhg.comgt textlt/AgtltTDgt

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• lthtmlgt
• ltheadgt
• lttitlegtexam testlt/titlegt
• lt/headgt
• ltbodygt
• lttable width"750" border"1" cellspacing"1"
  cellpadding"1"gt
• lttrgt
• lttd colspan"6"gtltdiv align"center"gtCom149In
  troduction to Multimedia lt/divgtlt/tdgt
• lt/trgt
• lttrgt
• lttdgtWeeklt/tdgt
• lttdgtSubject Matter lt/tdgt
• lttdgtLecturelt/tdgt
• lttdgtTutorialslt/tdgt
• lttd colspan"2"gtPracticalslt/tdgt
• lt/trgt
• lttrgt
• lttdgt1lt/tdgt
• lttdgtIntroductionlt/tdgt

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• Graphics Revision
• Write a short report explaining the differences
  between vector and raster graphics formats. You
  should include a discussion of the advantages and
  disadvantages of each.
• (b) A certain raster image is 256 pixels in each
  of the x and y dimensions. Each pixel is one of
  16 colours. Calculate the total amount of storage
  required for this image. Candidates are advised
  to explain their reasoning and show intermediate
  calculations
• 256 x 256 65,536 pixels
• 16 colours requires 4 bits per pixel
• 65,536 x 4 262,144 bits
• divide by 8 to get bytes
• 32,768 bytes
• divide by 1024 to get kb
• 32kb

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• A certain raster image is 128 pixels in each of
  the x and y dimensions. The total amount of
  storage required for the file is 32 kilobytes.
  How many colours can the image contain?
• 128 x 128 16,384 pixels
• storage is 32kb therefore
• 32 x 1024 x 8 262144 bits
• We know it is bits per pixel so .262144 /
  16,384
• 16 therefore it is 2 power 16
• which is 65,536 possible colours
• which is 24 bit colour
• Look at the lecture we did on colour to remind
  yourself how many bits we need for colour

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• Large medical images (such as an x-ray) are to be
  scanned and put on a web site as part of a system
  to enable local hospitals to get expert advice
  from specialists at national centres. Given the
  medical nature of the images, no loss in image
  quality is acceptable. Identify a suitable format
  for the images and justify your selection.
• Cant be vector because it is photographic
• Need a lossless technique
• TIFF or PNG - Both lossless formats that can use
  file compression (called LZW compression). It
  won't result in as small a file as a jpeg (which
  is why it's not used on the web), but you do
  retain all image quality. When compressed, the
  file is usually about half the size of the
  original file.

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• Briefly describe one technique that could
  potentially increase the number of photographs
  that can be stored on the CD in part (a).
  Illustrate your answer with an appropriate
  example.
• Store as JPEG and decrease the quality
• As the images are stored on CD they are probably
  going to be shown on screen so a lower resolution
  will be fine
• May cause a problem if you want to print them off
• Explain the terms Lossy and Lossless with
  reference to compression giving an example of
  each.
• With lossless compression, every single bit of
  data that was originally in the file remains
  after the file is uncompressed.
• All of the information is completely restored.
  This is generally the technique of choice for
  text, medical files or spreadsheet files, where
  losing words or financial data could pose a
  problem.
• The Graphics Interchange File (GIF) is an image
  format used on the Web that provides lossless
  compression.
• lossy compression reduces a file by permanently
  eliminating certain information, especially
  redundant information.
• When the file is uncompressed, only a part of
  the original information is still there (although
  the user may not notice it).
• Lossy compression is generally used for video and
  sound, where a certain amount of information loss
  will not be detected by most users.
• The JPEG image file, commonly used for
  photographs and other complex still images on the
  Web, is an image that has lossy compression.
• Using JPEG compression, the creator can decide
  how much loss to introduce and make a trade-off
  between file size and image quality.

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• Explain the advantages of using a jpeg over a gif
  format when displaying photographs distributed
  over the internet
• Colours differences
• Decoding differences
• Compression

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Review
ltHTMLgt ltHEADgt ltTITLEgtModuleslt/TITLEgt lt/HEADgt ltBODY
gt ltHlgtSemester 1 Modules 2005/2006lt/Hlgt ltOLgt ltLIgtlt
UgtCOMI45JIlt/Ugtlt/LIgt ltULgt ltLIgtMultimedia
Softwarelt/LIgt ltLIgtDr Peter Nicholllt/LIgt lt/ULgt ltLIgt
ltUgtCOMI49JIlt/Ugtlt/LIgt ltULgt ltLIgtIntroduction to
Multimedialt/LIgt ltLIgtKaren Fraserlt/LIgt lt/ULgt ltLIgtltU
gtDESI06JIlt/Ugtlt/LIgt ltULgt ltLIgtIntroduction to
Communication Designlt/LIgt ltLIgtJohanna
Bartleylt/LIgt lt/ULgt lt/OLgt lt/BODYgt lt/HTMLgt
Exam Questions Question 1 HTML
ordered list numbered
Unordered listbullet points
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Review
(b) Modify the code given in part (a) so that
each of the module codes link to files
com145j1.html, com149j1.html and
des106j1.html respectively.
ltLIgtlta href"COMI45JI.html"gtCOMI45JIlt/agtlt/LIgt ltLIgt
lta href"COMI49JI.html"gtCOMI49JIlt/agtlt/LIgt ltLIgtlta
href"DESI06JI.html"gtDESI06JIlt/agtlt/LIgt
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Review
Provide appropriate HTML statements to create the
following table
lttrgt lttdgtWeek lt/tdgt
lttdgtSubject Matter lt/tdgt
lttdgtLecturelt/tdgt lttdgtTutoriallt/tdgt
lt/trgt
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Review
Question 2 (a) Describe with the aid of a
diagram the operation of the RGB colour model. (5
Marks) (b) Briefly compare and contrast the RGB
and CYM colour models. Give an example of an
application suited to each model. (8 Marks) (c)
Write a short report explaining the differences
between vector and raster graphics formats. You
should include a discussion of the appropriate
uses for each and name an appropriate file format
for each. (4 Marks) raster jpeg, gif or png
vector svg, swf or eps (d) A certain raster
image is 256 pixels in each of the x and y
dimensions. Each pixel is one of 16 colours.
Calculate the total amount of storage required
for this image. Candidates are advised to explain
their reasoning and show intermediate
calculations. (4 Marks) (e) Explain the terms
Lossy and Lossless with reference to
compression giving an example of each. (4 Marks)
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Review
Question 3 (a) Give a brief explanation of five
major components used to create a Flash
movie. (10 marks) (b)Explain the role of
computers in animation. (4 marks) (c) Compare
and contrast key frame and frame-by-frame
animation. Give an example of when it may be
appropriate to use each technique. (6
marks) (d) A "snow" scene is to be created in
Flash. The snowflakes need to be of different
sizes to use perspective to give the impression
of distance but can be the same shape. Explain
how the use of symbols can be used to minimise
the storage requirements of the final movie. (5
marks)
How many points should you have?
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Review
(c) Explain the following values as they relate
to the representation of data in a
computer bit byte Gigabyte Petabyte (4 marks)

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Review
Question 5 39 answered the question average
mark 8/25 32 (a) Explain the following
terms (i) Colour Depth (ii) Masking (iii) Colour
Palette (iv) Alpha Channel (v) Saturated
Colour (10 marks) (b) How many colours are
possible from the following and give a reason for
your answer (i) 1 bit (ii) 24 bit RGB (iii) 8
bit indexed (iv) 4 bit indexed (v) 8 bit grey (10
marks)
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Review
Question 6 (a) Given the following information
about a piece of video footage PAL
uncompressed 768x576 pixels per frame 24 bit
colour 25 frames per second What would be the
storage requirements for 1 minute of film? 10
marks (b) Describe streaming. Include a diagram
in your explanation. 10 marks (c) Explain the
different uses for MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 3
marks (d) Suggest 2 ways that could be used to
reduce the file size of a video. 2 marks