Kinesiology

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Kinesiology

• Biomechanics and its applications

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What is Biomechanics?

• Subdiscipline of Kinesiology
• Skeletal, articular and neuromuscular systems
• Physics
• Mechanical perspective

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Mechanical Perspective

• Static vs Dynamic Assessment
• Static Assessment
• constant motion
• no motion
• Examples?

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Mechanical Perspective

• Dynamic Assessment
• Branches
• Kinematics
• Kinetics
• Anthropometric Measurements

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Why Study Kinesiology?

• Athletic Training
• mechanisms of injury
• proper joint mechanics
• biomechanics of posture
• pathological biomechanics

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Why study Kinesiology?

• Kinesiotherapy
• pathological biomechanics
• posture/balance biomechanics

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Why study Kinesiology?

• Physical Therapy
• same as others

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Other Areas

• Gait Analysis
• NASA
• Elderly
• Cerebral Palsy

• Prosthetics
• Ergonomics
• Sport Equipment
• Sport Biomechanists

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Biomechanist vs Applied Biomechanist

• Biomechanist

• Applied Biomechanist

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Units of Measure

• US vs Metric
• Scalar
• possess size or magnitude but no direction
• Vector
• possess both magnitude and direction

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Ways to solve Kinesiological problems

• Qualitative
• no numbers
• detailed or general
• most often used by?
• Quantitative
• numbers
• instrumentation
• subjectivity
• Formal Criteria for Quantitative Analysis

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Efficiency and Effectiveness of Movement

• Efficiency of Movement
• work done with minimum energy expenditure
• Effective Movement
• determine most appropriate sequencing of segments
  to accomplish given movement
• Effective movement is optimally efficient,
  however a maximally efficient movement is not
  necessarily biomechanically effective

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Basic Kinematic Concepts
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Directional Terms

• Superior/Inferior
• Proximal/Distal
• Anterior/Posterior
• Medial/Lateral
• Superficial/Deep

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Movement Terms

• Flexion/Extension
• Abduction/Adduction
• Horizontal Abduction/Hor. Adduction
• Internal Rotation/External Rotation
• Radial Deviation/Ulnar Deviation
• Supination/Pronation
• Inversion/Eversion

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Anatomical Planes Axes

• Plane of Motion
• 2 dimensional flat surface
• Axis
• point about which movement occurs
• perpendicular to the plane of movement
• Whole Body Planes and Axes
• Segmental Planes and Axes

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Anatomical Planes
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Planes of movement

• Sagittal
• left/right halves
• Perpendicular Axis - Frontal or Mediolateral

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Planes Axes

• Frontal Plane
• Anterior/posterior halves
• Axis - Anteroposterior or Sagittal

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Planes Axes

• Transverse Plane
• Upper/lower halves
• Axis - Longitudinal

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Other Planes and axes

• Diagonal or Oblique
• plane of movement
• perpendicular to the plane
• how to find

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Types of Motion

• What is motion?
• Cause of Motion
• force
• magnitude of force and magnitude of resistance
• Types of Motion
• Translatory
• Rotary

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Translatory (Linear) Motion

• Same direction _at_ same speed
• Rectilinear
• Curvilinear
• Units

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Rotary (Angular) Motion

• Rotation about a fixed point
• joint - fixed points
• angular displacement
• units
• radius of rotation

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Other Motion Patterns

• Reciprocating
• Oscillation
• General Motion

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Factors Modifying Motion

• External
• friction
• air resistance
• water resistance
• Internal
• friction within joints
• tension in antagonist muscles, ligaments and
  fascia
• anomalies of bone and joint structure
• fat and muscle