Kinesiology

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Kinesiology
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Kinesiology

• Kinesiology-the multidisciplinary study of
  physical activity or movement (AKA the study of
  movement)
• Kinesiology- includes
• anatomy, biomechanics,
• physiology and
• psychomotor behavior

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Kinesiology

• Articular System-series of joints that allow
  movement of the human body.
• Joint Articulation-the connecting point of two
  bones.
• Arthrology-the study of joints

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Kinesiology

• Classification of Joints
• Synarthroses- immovable joints that lack a
  synovial cavity and are held together by fibrous
  connective tissue
• 1. sutures-joints with a thin layer of dense
  fibrous connective tissue, found only in the
  skull
• 2. syndesmosis-bones connected by ligaments,
  found between
• tibia and fibula
• 3. Gomphosis-conical
• process fits into a socket,
• found in teeth

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Kinesiology

• Classification of Joints
• Amphiarthroses-slightly movable joint that is
  connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
  Found in the ribs, symphysis pubis and spine.

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Kinesiology

• Classification of Joints
• Diarthroses or Synovial Joints-
• freely movable joints. They
• have articular cartilage cover-
• ing the bones and are separated
• by a space called the joint cavity.
• Joint capsule is the what encases the joint
• The outer layer of the capsule is the ligaments
• The inner layer is the synovial membrane that
  secrets synovial fluid into the joint.

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Kinesiology

• Classification of Synovial Joints
• Pivot Joint- freely movable joint in which a bone
  moves around a central axis, ex radius and ulna
• Gliding Joint- allows bones to make a sliding
  motion, ex joints in the carpals of the wrist
  and tarsals of the ankle.
• Hinge Joint- allows flexion and extension, ex
  knee, elbow, fingers

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Kinesiology

• Classification of Synovial Joints
• Condyloid Joint- where bones can move about one
  another in many directions, but cannot rotate. A
  Condyle fit into a fossa. Ex ulna/radius to
  wrist bones
• Ball and Socket Joint- rounded end that fits into
  a concave cavity on another bone. Ex hips and
  shoulders
• Saddle Joint- both concave or convex surface,
  ONLY Ex thumbs

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Kinesiology

• The Synovial Joints have 18 movements
• The stability of a joint is determined
• By the shape of the bones where they come
  together
• By the ligaments that join the bones
• By the muscle tone in the area of the joint

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Planes of movement

• Frontal Plane-vertical plane running from side to
  side. It divides your body into front and back.

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Planes of movement

• Lateral Plane-vertical plane running from front
  to back. It divides your body into right and
  left side.

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Planes of movement

• Transverse Plane- is a horizontal plane dividing
  the body into upper and lower.

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Kinesiology

• Movements of Synovial Joints
• Flexion-decrease angle between 2 bones
• Extension-increase angle between 2 bones
• Hyperextension-increase angle between 2 bones
  beyond the normal range of motion(ROM).

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Kinesiology

• Movements of Synovial Joints
• Abduction-Limbs only-limb moves away from the
  midline of the body.
• Adduction-Limbs only-limb moves toward the
  midline of the body.
• Rotation-when a bone
• turns on its axis
• towards or away
• from the midline of the body

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• Movements of Synovial Joints
• Circumduction- the ability of a limb to move in a
  circular path around an axis.
• Supination- moving into a supine position.
• Pronation- moving into a prone position.
• Plantarflexion- pointing toes down, planting the
  foot
• Dorsiflexion- bringing the toes up

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Kinesiology

• Movements of Synovial Joints
• Plantarflexion- pointing toes down, planting the
  foot
• Dorsiflexion- bringing the toes up

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Kinesiology

• Movements of Synovial Joints
• Inversion- turns the sole of the foot inward,
  medially.
• Eversion- turns the sole of the foot outward,
  laterally.
• Protraction- occurs in the transverse plane,
  moving the body part forward
• Retraction- occurs in the transverse plane,
  moving the body part backward

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Kinesiology

• Movements of Synovial Joints
• Elevation- occurs in the frontal plane, lifting
  the body part superiorly, upward.
• Depression- occurs in the frontal plane,
• moving the part inferiorly, downward.
• Opposition- moving the thumb to touch the tips of
  the other fingers.

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Kinesiology

• Closed kinematic chain- movement or exercise
  where the end of the chain is fixed.
• Open kinematic chain- movement or exercise where
  the end of the chain is free.

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Go Do-Write-Instruct

• 2 exercise in the frontal plane
• 2 exercise in the lateral plane
• 2 exercise in the transverse plane
• 2 of the above must be closed chain
• 2 of the above must be open chain