Advanced Public Transit Systems (APTS)

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Advanced Public Transit Systems (APTS)

• Transit ITS

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APTS Products/Services

1. Service (Fleet) Management
2. Customer Information
3. Service Performance Monitoring
4. Vehicle Performance Monitoring
5. Incident Response
6. Wireless Communications

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APTS Products/Services

• Transit Signal Priority
• Collision Avoidance
• Fare Collection
• Connection Protection
• Demand-Response Routing and Scheduling
• Transit ITS Impacts Matrix
• http//web.mitretek.org/its/aptsmatrix.nsf

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Purpose of APTS

• Technologies used to provide Products/Services
  that address Problems related to
• Efficiency
• Reliability
• Safety
• Customer Satisfaction

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What would you change about transit service?
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Transit 101

• Fixed-Route Service (bus, rail)
• Established routes and stop sequences
• Scheduled time points
• Public timetables
• Block what a vehicle does for the day
• Block assignments change every day
• Run what a driver does for the day
• Run assignments change 3 or 4 times per year

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Transit 101 Continued

• Demand-Response Service (Dial-a-Ride,
  Paratransit)
• ADA Requirement
• Eligibility criteria
• Limited service area
• Usually reserve in advance
• Daily driver manifest

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More Transit 101

• Flex-Route Service
• Deviates from fixed route in response to demand
• Fixed end points and scheduled times

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Sound Transit KC MetroSmart Bus Video

• Demonstration Project
• Driver Display Unit
• Automated Route/Destination Signs
• Route/Destination Annunciation
• Next Stop Display and Annunciation
• Automatic Vehicle Monitoring

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Smart Bus Components

• GPS Receiver
• On-board Computer
• On-board Network
• On-board Database
• Wireless Communication

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APTS Implementation Challenges

• Lack of standards
• Inadequate in-house expertise
• Proprietary legacy systems
• Change in way of doing things
• Other priorities for scarce resources
• Distrust of computer systems
• Lack of strategic planning for use of technology
• Poor documentation of demonstrated benefits

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APTS Building Blocks
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Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL)

• APTS Product/Service Fleet Management requires
  knowledge of
• Where a vehicle is
• Where it is supposed to be
• Requires identification of the vehicle matched
  with assigned block
• CHOICE Where is location processed?
• On the bus
• Central control

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AVL Technologies

• GPS
• Odometer/Signposts
• Dead reckoning
• Combinations of the above

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Global Positioning System (GPS)

• Government-owned satellite constellation in
  geosynchronous orbit (need at least 3)
• Allows position determination within several
  meters (most of the time)
• Accuracy improved with differentiation
• Moderately low cost and going down
• Gives position whenever queried
• Urban canyon errors

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Odometer/Signposts

• Distance traveled on a planned route confirmed
  and corrected by beacon
• Beacon broadcasts ID
• Actual vehicle position only for signpost
  encounters
• Excellent for arrival event information
• Useless for temporary detours
• Unreliable in emergency situations

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Dead Reckoning

• Uses
• Compass heading
• Distance traveled
• Map matching
• Gyroscope
• Accuracy a function of sensors / software
• Need for periodic error correction

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Combination Systems

• Common Groupings
• Sign post Dead reckoning
• GPS Dead reckoning
• GPS map matching
• Increase accuracy

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Uses of Vehicle Location On-board

• Schedule adherence for drivers
• On-board next stop displays and annunciation
• Fare payment / revenue sharing
• Location of passenger ons and offs
• Automatically change destination signs
• Requires on-board scheduled service database

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Uses of Vehicle Location Off-board

• Transit vehicle priority
• Service management, incident response, headway
  management
• Security
• Performance data for monitoring and planning
• Requires wireless communications (real-time
  and/or batch)

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Vehicle Location Communication

• On-board
• Vehicle Area Network (VAN)
• Way-side (traffic signal)
• Digital Short Range Communication (DSRC)
• Control Center
• Proprietary data radio, public wireless network

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AVL Selection Criteria

• Where is the intelligence needed?
• On the vehicle?
• At the central?
• Cost of communications needed

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AVL Implementation Issues

• Big Brother
• Move to proactive fleet management
• Not really plug and play yet
• Reliability of communication network

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