Order Trichoptera

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Order Trichoptera

• Caddisflies
• Chapters 17-18

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Trichopteran Diversity

• 150 genera in 26 families
• 1400 North American species
• 15000 species worldwide

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Adult Features

• 2 pairs of wings, folded, held roof-like over
  body
• Wings hairy/scaly
• Antennae long and slender
• Maxillary palpae usually long, other mouthparts
  reduced
• Coxae enlarged
• Setal warts present on head/thorax
• Tibial spurs may be present

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CADDIS ADULT
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Reproduction

• Adults may undergo mating flights or swarms
• Eggs encased in spumaline (gelatinous stringy
  matrix)
• Strings deposited in water, on rocks or twigs
  above water, etc.
• Larvae often univoltine but some require multiple
  years of development

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Larval Groups

• Free living no case or retreat
• Net spinners build silk nets or shelters
• Case makers build cases of various materials and
  shapes

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Larval Features

• Antennae very short
• Anal prolegs armed with a single claw
• Gills present or absent
• Chloride epithelia present
• Silk producers from labial glands
• Some with dorsal or lateral abdominal humps
• Some with reduced sclerites on thorax ( setal
  areas)

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CADDIS CASE
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LARVAL FEATURES
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LARVAL FEATURES
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LARVAL FEATURES
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Family Hydropsychidae

• Larvae make silk nets for filtering food
• All thoracic segments covered by complete
  sclerite
• Trochantin (sometimes forked) present
• Abdomen with branched gills

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Common genera Hydropsyche Cheumatopsyche
Macronema Potamyia
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Family Limnephilidae

• Case makers use various materials
• Mesonotum mostly sclerotized
• Metanotum reduced to sa1, sa2, sa3
• Humps usually present
• Prosternal horn present
• Abdominal gills present

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Common genus Pycnopsyche
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Family Calamoceratidae

• Cases made of 2 pieces of leaves
• Mesonotum covered with thin sclerite
• Metanotum with sa1, sa2, sa3
• Lateral humps present, gills present
• Labrum with row of stout bristles
• Body and case flattened

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Common genus Anisocentropus
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Family Philopotamidae

• Larvae produce silk nets, no cases
• Meso and metanota unsclerotized
• Labrum membranous, T-shaped
• Abdominal gills absent

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Common genus Chimarra
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Family Phryganeidae

• Larvae make tube cases, usually of plant material
  with spiral construction
• Head with dark V-pattern
• Prosternal horn present
• Dorsal and lateral humps present
• Meso and metanota unsclerotized except for sa3

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Common genus Banksiola
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Family Lepidostomatidae

• Larvae build variable cases, often 4 sided of
  bark
• Prosternal horn present
• Unbranched gills present
• No dorsal hump lateral humps present
• Mesonotum with 2 plates
• Metanotum with sa1, sa2, sa3

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Common genus Lepidostoma
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Family Brachycentridae

• Larvae build cases, often 4-sided of twigs some
  of gravel and conical
• Mesonotum with 4 plates
• Metanotum with sa2, sa3 (sa1 often absent)
• No humps gills present

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Family Leptoceridae

• Larvae build variable cases (shape/composition)
• Antennae long
• Mesonotum with pair of plates some with dark
  parenthesis bar
• Metanotum with sa1, sa2, sa3
• Dorsal humps present of absent
• Gills present or absent

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Common genera Ceraclea Nectopsyche
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Family Hydroptilidae

• Very small microcaddisflies
• Larvae build purse style cases
• Thoracic segments all covered with plates
• Some abdominal gills swollen
• Gills usually absent

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Common genus Hydroptila
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The End of Caddis
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