Order Lepidoptera

1
Hexapoda
Insecta
Paleoptera
Neoptera
Polyneoptera
Condyloptera
Holometabola
2
HOLOMETABOLA COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS
3
Order Trichoptera Caddisflies - adults have
hairy forewings, reduced chewing mouthparts, and
long antennae
4
Order Trichoptera Caddisflies - adults have
hairy forewings, reduced chewing mouthparts, and
long antennae - larvae eruciform
(caterpillar-like) with a well-developed head,
legs, and a pair of anal claws at end of abdomen.
They often build cases. When the pupae is
developed, it crawls out of the case, goes to
surface and emerges, and adult emerges.
5

• Order Trichoptera Caddisflies
• Hydroptilidae Microcaddisflies (263)
• - small, less than 6mm long
• - mesoscutellum with posterior portion
  triangular with steep sides
• - mesoscutum without warts

6

• Order Trichoptera Caddisflies
• Hydroptilidae Microcaddisflies
• Limnephilidae Northern Caddisflies (239)
• - anal area broad
• - labrum long

7

• Order Trichoptera Caddisflies
• Hydroptilidae Microcaddisflies
• Limnephilidae Northern Caddisflies
• Hydropsychidae Net-spinning Caddisflies (151)
• - ocelli absent
• - mesoscutum lacks warts

8
HOLOMETABOLA COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS
9
Order Lepidoptera

• Butterflies and Moths
• Modified from ppt by Dr. J. Snyder,
• Professor Emeritus, Furman University

10
Among our best known insects

• Some are large, showy, not hiding
• Some are agriculturally important either as
  eaters of our food or as pollinators

11
Fossil evidence of Lepidoptera

• Embedded in rock or amber
• Best guess now first ones around 40 to 50
  million years ago Radiate with Angiosperms

12
Characters of the Lepidoptera

• Name wings covered by scales
• Almost microscopically small objects, in layers
  like shingles on roof

13
Larvae caterpillar They have 6 true legs and
5 pairs of abdomenal prolegs.
14
Butterflies are just a clade WITHIN the Moths
15
Okay, whats the difference?

• Between butterfly and moth adults, that is
• Antennae best thing to differentiate
• Day-flying vs. nocturnal
• Thickness of body
• Drab vs. brightly colored wings
• BUT, exceptions to all of these

16
Antennae usually works

• Club at end, or hook at end, or anything else
• Butterfly Skipper
  Moth

17
Day-flying moths
18
Thickness of body

• Moth Moth Butterfly
  Skipper

19
Drab vs. Bright

• All of these are moths

20

• And these drab insects are butterflies or skippers

21
Number of species

• Moths far out-number others
• Worldwide numbers (known species) about 150,000
  total (20,000 are butterflies, skippers)
• North America 11,000 total (750 non-moths)

22
Most common non-moth families

• Hesperiidae the skippers.
• Usually have those hooked antennae
• Hind tibia usually with a middle spur
• Usually drab brown, small to medium wingspan
• 290 North American species

23
Papilionidae

• In eastern North America, all have swallow
  tails on hind wings, pretty large wingspan
• 33 species in North America

24
Spicebush Swallowtail
25
Pieridae

• Yellow or white wings, small to medium wingspan
• 60 species in North America

26
Lycaenidae

• Blues, Coppers, and Hairstreaks
• Small wingspan
• 135 North American species

27
(No Transcript)
28
Nymphalidae

• Large, diverse family
• 200 N.A. species
• Called brushfoot butterflies 4 walking legs,
  front two legs are brush feetnot walking. Used
  to taste-test plants
• Small to large wingspan

29
Some local Nymphalids
30
A famous Nymphalid the Monarch
31
A word of warning

• Some experts pull out a number of Nymphalids,
  give them their own families (splitters)
• - Danaidae Monarch
• - Satyridae Wood Nymphs

32
Now, the moth families

• Perhaps as many as 63 families, or more, or less
• Some moths as small as mosquitoes, others are the
  largest of all Lepidoptera
• Number of South Carolina documented species
  more than 1,888 (still counting!)

33
Just the most prominent or largest moth families

• Family Sesiidae pretending to be stingers

34
Family Limacodidae

• Caterpillars can irritate skin if touched

Adults often furry with tent-like wings
35
Families Crambidae and Pyralidae

• Formerly lumped as Pyralidae
• Large family 1400 N. A. species
• Small adults, many shapes and colors

36
Some members of the Crambidae and Pyralidae have
snouts
37
Family Geometridae

• The inchworm moths
• Over 1400 N. A. species very diverse
• Very small to medium wingspan

38
Family Saturniidae

• Small group (65 N. A species), but very
  prominent
• The silkworm mothsmake big cocoon

39
Family Sphingidae

• Sphinx moths or hawk moths
• Large wingspan, wide and narrow
• 125 N. A. species

40
Remember this slide? Sphingids
41
Family Noctuidae

• Largest Lepidopteran family 3400 N. A. species
• Extremely diverse size, shape, colors
• Very small to large wingspan
• Now includes two previously separate families
  Notodontidae and Arctiidae
• The majority are nocturnal forewings narrow and
  somewhat narrow, hind wings broad.

42
Just a few Noctuids
43
(No Transcript)
44
Arctiinae previously a separate family
(Arctiidae) typically brightly colored
45
Adelidae Fairy Moths Antennae very long as
long as body Larvae are leaf miners
46
Gelechiidae Largest family of microlepidoptera
Microleps many have curved palps
47
Tortricidae Another huge family (1200 species in
N.A. Microleps) Wings with dark bands or
mottled areas Squared front wings Held roof-like
Many important pests of fruit trees and forest
trees