Nester Microbiology Chapter 2: The Molecules of Life

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NesterMicrobiologyChapter 2 The Molecules of
Life
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Question 1

• The nucleus of an atom is composed of which of
  the following particles? 1. protons 2. neutrons
  3. electrons 4. histones 5. nucleotides
• A. 1.
• B. 1,2.
• C. 1,2,3.
• D. 1,2,3,4.
• E. 1,2,3,4,5.

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Question 2

• A strong chemical bond in which atoms are held
  together by the sharing of electrons is called
  a(n) _________________bond.
• A. ionic.
• B. covalent.
• C. hydrogen.
• D. hydrophobic.
• E. catabolic.

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Question 3

• Weak bonds that result from the attraction of
  hydrogen to oxygen or nitrogen and are important
  in proteins, DNA, and water are called
  _______________ bonds.
• A. covalent.
• B. hydrogen.
• C. ionic.
• D. hydrophobic.
• E. catabolic.

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Question 4

• Which of the following is NOT one of the
  important properties of water?
• A. Ionic compounds will dissolve readily.
• B. Water that contains dissolved substances
  freezes at a lower temperature.
• C. It is involved in many chemical reactions.
• D. It is an excellent solvent.
• E. All the above are important properties of
  water.

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Question 5

• Which of the following pH values is most acidic?
• A. 1.
• B. 5.
• C. 7.
• D. 10.
• E. 14.

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Question 6

• The major element that is found in all organic
  molecules and is capable of forming long chains
  and rings is
• A. carbon.
• B. hydrogen.
• C. oxygen.
• D. nitrogen.
• E. calcium.

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Question 7

• A catabolic reaction in which water is used to
  break chemical bonds is called
• A. synthesis.
• B. hydrolysis.
• C. condensation.
• D. anabolism.
• E. hydrocatabolism.

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Question 8

• Amino acids linked together with peptide bonds
  form which of the following organic molecules?
• A. proteins.
• B. polysaccharides.
• C. carbohydrates.
• D. triglycerides.
• E. nucleic acids.

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Question 9

• The final three-dimensional shape of a protein is
  called its __________ structure.
• A. primary.
• B. secondary.
• C. tertiary.
• D. quaternary.
• E. isomer.

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Question 10

• If a protein is excessively heated, its shape
  changes and the protein will no longer carry out
  its function. This process is called
• A. hydrolysis.
• B. thermal catabolism.
• C. denaturation.
• D. ionization.
• E. dehydrogenation.

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Question 11

• Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and
  polysaccharides belong to what group of organic
  molecules?
• A. proteins.
• B. carbohydrates.
• C. lipids.
• D. nucleic acids.
• E. fats.

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Question 12

• Which of the following are parts of a nucleotide?
  1. ribose or deoxyribose sugar 2. amino acids 3.
  phosphate 4. nitrogen base 5. fatty acids
• A. 1,2,3.
• B. 1,3,4.
• C. 1,2,4.
• D. 1,3,5.
• E. 1,2,3,4.

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Question 13

• The complementary strand of DNA to the following
  sequence, GTAATC, would be
• A. CATTAG.
• B. GTAATC.
• C. CAUUAG.
• D. GUAAUC.
• E. None of the above.

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Question 14

• The most abundant molecule in cells, making up
  60-70 of the weight of a cell is
• A. lipid.
• B. protein.
• C. water.
• D. DNA.
• E. carbohydrate.

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Question 15

• Cholesterol belongs to what group of organic
  compounds?
• A. carbohydrate.
• B. lipids.
• C. proteins.
• D. nucleic acids.
• E. salts.

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Question 16

• Which of the following molecules does not belong
  with the others?
• A. glucose.
• B. fructose.
• C. galactose.
• D. ribose.
• E. glycogen.

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Question 17

• A fatty acid that contains numerous double bonds
  would be called a(n) ___________fat.
• A. saturated.
• B. unsaturated.
• C. polyunsaturated.
• D. steroid.
• E. phospholipid.

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Question 18

• The sugar found in RNA is called
• A. ribose.
• B. deoxyribose.
• C. glycerol.
• D. glucose.
• E. adenosine.

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Question 19

• The organic molecules responsible for forming the
  bilayer of biological membranes are
• A. phospholipids.
• B. proteins.
• C. carbohydrates.
• D. nucleic acids.
• E. triglycerides.

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Question 20

• Proteins that are used by cells to speed up the
  rate of chemical reactions and are not used up in
  the reaction are called
• A. cofactors.
• B. enzymes.
• C. nucleic acids.
• D. coenzymes.
• E. vitamins.

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Question 21

• You are in a lab that has a machine capable of
  measuring carbon and oxygen in molecules. It
  would be most effective at measuring which of the
  following molecules?
• A. Carbohydrates.
• B. Lipids.
• C. Proteins.
• D. Nucleic acids.
• E. All of the above.

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Question 22

• Another machine in the lab is totally designed to
  measure nitrogen. Which of the following
  molecules would it best be used for identifying?
• A. Carbohydrates.
• B. Lipids.
• C. Proteins.
• D. None of the above.
• E. All of the above.

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Question 23

• Iodine interferes with the structure of
  polysaccharides, causing a change that can be
  visibly detected. This makes iodine useful for
  making polysaccharides visible in cells. Which of
  the following molecules found in microbes can be
  detected using iodine?
• A. Dextran.
• B. Protein.
• C. Glucose.
• D. Sucrose.
• E. Adenine.

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Question 24

• Strong acids are destructive to covalent bonds
  therefore, which of the following molecules are
  they most likely to destroy?
• A. Carbohydrates.
• B. Lipids.
• C. Proteins.
• D. Nucleic acids.
• E. All of the above.

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Question 25

• Weak acids are destructive to hydrogen bonds
  therefore, which of the following molecules are
  they most likely to destroy?
• A. Carbohydrates.
• B. Lipids.
• C. Proteins.
• D. RNA.
• E. All of the above.

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1. B 2. B 3. B 4. E5. A 6. A 7. B 8. A9.
C 10. C 11. B 12. B13. A 14. C 15. B 16.
E17. C 18. A 19. A 20. B21. E 22. C 23.
A 24. E25. C