INTEGRATED AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT

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INTEGRATED AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN
INDONESIA Ridwan D. Tamin and Amelia
Rachmatunisa Assistant Deputy V for Vehicles
Emissions Affairs Head, Air Quality Monitoring
Sub Division Ministry of Environment,
Indonesia Presented in BAQ 2004,
Agra-India, 6-8 December 2004
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I. INTRODUCTION

• Air pollution from vehicle sources as main urban
  concern
• Blue Sky Program initiated in 1992, in 2002
  became a program under Deputy V MoE
• The missions of the Blue Sky Program are
• Develop national policy in air pollution control
• Increase region/local capacity in air pollution
  through institutional strengthening and
  technology
• Increase mechanism for controlling, managing and
  prevention of air pollution
• Enhance public participation in cleaner air in
  Indonesia.

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Health Cost Estimates due to pollution from
vehicles emission in Greater Jakarta
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PSI Range Good 0 - 50 Moderate 51
- 100 Unhealthy 101 199 Very Unhealthy
200 299 Dangerous 300 - lebih
Air Quality Monitoring Result in 2001
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Integrated Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network
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Air Quality Monitoring Result in 2002
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Air Quality Monitoring Result in 2003
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Daily PM 10 (ug/m3) concentration in East Jakarta
Station in 2003
Daily PM 10 (ug/m3) concentration in West Jakarta
Station in 2003
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Daily ozone (ug/m3) concentration in East Jakarta
Station in 2003
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Motor Vehicle Emissions
Emission shares by source type in Jakarta in 1998
Source Reducing vehicle emission, RETA5937
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Motor vehicles in Jakarta and Indonesia (Central
Bureau of Statistics, 2001)
Emission load estimates from motor vehicles in
Greater Jakarta, ton/year. (JICA, 1996)
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Vehicle population in Jakarta Metro Jaya
(1990-2015)
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• MoEs policy in reducing vehicle emissions are as
  follows
• Regulatory development of emission standards in
  accordance with automotive technology
  development to produce lower emission vehicles
• Cleaner fuel including the introduction of
  unleaded gasoline and low sulphur diesel fuel.
  This also includes energy diversification by
  introducing gaseous fuel such as CNG and LPG.
  Other considerations are the use of biofuel and
  other alternative technologies (hybrid, etc.)
• Inspection and maintenance (I/M) to control
  in-used vehicle emissions. Local governments have
  issued decrees such as Jakarta Governors Decree
  in 2000 on inspection and maintenance for
  passenger vehicles
• 4. Transportation management including
  improvement of traffic management, road
  development, developing alternative modes of
  transportation and public transport

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STRATEGY AND ACTION PLANS
Development of new emission standards
Type approval Euro II implementation in Indonesia
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Emission Standard for Light Duty Vehicles
Source CAI-Asia,2004
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In-used vehicles

• Revision of 10-year old emission standards for
  in-used vehicles based on idle condition for
  gasoline and free acceleration for diesel-fuelled
  vehicles.
• Issuance of the standards crucial as reference
  national standard. Anticipating revised autonomy
  law (Act No.32/2004)
• Local governments are developing their own
  vehicle emission standards and regulations on
  IM.
• MoE in the process of finalization of measurement
  methods to be decreed by the National
  Standardization Agency.

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Cleaner Fuel (promises and reality)

• Unleaded gasoline to be introduced in phased in
  Bali, Batam Island, Surabaya and Semarang before
  2005, nationally 2005
• Consecutively unleaded gasoline was
  introduced in Bali in February 2003, in Batam
  July 2003 and in most parts of Surabaya in 2004.
  Jakarta already lead free since June 2001.
  Nationwide 40 unleaded
• Open up private sector to provide unleaded
  gasoline in Indonesia such as in Bandung and
  Yogyakarta
• Downstream regulation recently announced
  (Govt. Regulation No. 36/2004)
• Use of additive as octane booster taking into
  account health and environment and agreement of
  automotive industries
• Requires ERA, at present only preliminary
  studies carried out
• Increase use of natural gas for transportation to
  reduce gasoline market demand
• Draft Presidential Instruction (Decree)
  already submitted by MoEM through stakeholders
  study by MoE. Jakarta at present also preparing
  its strategic plan

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Inspection and Maintenance

• Under traffic and road transportation Act, IM is
  under MoT
• MoE responsible for developing emission standards
  for in used vehicles
• MoE is revising existing emission standard and
  standard operating procedures, expected early
  2005
• Local Government initiatives includes developing
  emission standards, IM regulation and public
  campaign
• MoE considering separation of emission testing
  from car worthiness requirement under new traffic
  and transportation act
• MoE will conduct IM public awareness and pilot
  demonstration program in 5 cities in 2005

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Transport Management

• Jakarta developed the so-called DKI Jakarta Macro
  Transport Planning document, which contains
  transport and traffic management action planning
  in DKI Jakarta for the period of 2003 to 2010.
• Trans-Jakarta Bus Way became operational in
  2004. This is the first 12.9 km segment, out of
  14 planned, connecting the citys northern rail
  station (north Jakarta) to the Blok M Bus
  Terminal and shopping area (south Jakarta).
• Also the existing three-in-one scheme is
  extended along the busway route during peak hours
  followed by heavy fines to offenders.
• Elevated monorail system proposed by private
  investor has been given green light by local
  Jakarta government. The scheme is to construct a
  total of 27 kms of elevated monorail-serving in a
  circular manner in the capital's golden triangle
  area of Kuningan, Sudirman and Senayan (14.8 km),
  and a 12.2 km line connecting Kampung Melayu in
  the eastern part of Jakarta and Roxy in the west.

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Planned Jakarta Busway Corridor until 2010
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Institutional Capacity

• MoE plans to enlarge its mandate under the new
  cabinet and be more instrumental in facilitating
  enforcement through local government.
• Environmental institutions in local government
  to be empowered based on the recently revised
  local government law (Law No. 32 Year 2004).
• MoE instrumental in the establishment of a forum
  comprising government, private and public society
  (Mitra Emisi Bersih, Clean Emission Partnership)
  to address the various unresolved issues on
  vehicle emissions.
• Draft strategy and action plan to reduce air
  pollution from vehicles submitted to MoE

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Public Participation
MoE conducted public awareness activities through
Spot Check in greater Jakarta, June 2004, 2000
vehicles. Result 40 of gasoline vehicles and 60
diesel fuel vehicles failed Corporate emission
competition in 5 cities (Bandung, Semarang,
Yogyakarta, Surabaya and Denpasar)
Total Vehicles tested 3.451 vehicles Total
Institutions 149
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FINAL REMARKS

• Improve the reliability of the existing on-line
  monitoring system
• Develop the integrated air quality monitoring in
  other metropolitan city in Indonesia
• Involvement of MoE in fuel specification for
  vehicles
• Combine emission standard into vehicles annual
  registration
• Increase public awareness to use alternative mode
  of transportation in urban areas

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Thank You