Reproductive System I: Overview

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Reproductive System I Overview

• DP Biology -- March 2009

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Male Reproductive System
Erectile tissue
scrotum
Foreskin
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Male Reproductive System
Testis produce sperm and testosterone Epididymis
site of sperm maturation
Erectile tissue
scrotum
Foreskin
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Male Reproductive System
Vas deferens / sperm duct Convey sperm to urethra
Erectile tissue
scrotum
Foreskin
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Male Reproductive System
Seminal vesicle Secretes seminal fluid Contains
fructose, enzymes, mucus, etc.
Erectile tissue
scrotum
Foreskin
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Male Reproductive System
Prostate gland Secretes alkaline seminal
fluid Protects sperm from acidic vaginal tract
Erectile tissue
scrotum
Foreskin
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Male Reproductive System
Urethra carries semen urine out of
body Scrotum carries testes and regulate testes
temperature
Erectile tissue
scrotum
Foreskin
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Male Reproductive System
Erectile tissue fills with blood (due to
constriction of blood vessels) to facilitate
intercourse
Erectile tissue
scrotum
Foreskin
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Male Hormones

• Testosterone
• produced by testes

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Male Hormones

• Testosterone
• produced by testes
• as a fetus, causes male genitalia to form

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Male Hormones

• Testosterone
• produced by testes
• as a fetus, causes male genitalia to form
• in puberty, T levels increase, causing
  development
• of secondary sexual characteristics

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Male Hormones

• Testosterone
• produced by testes
• as a fetus, causes male genitalia to form
• in puberty, T levels increase, causing
  development
• of secondary sexual characteristics
• growth of testicles penis
• growth of bones, muscle, vocal cords, hair
• in adulthood, maintains sexual drive

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Male Hormones

• Testosterone
• produced by testes
• as a fetus, causes male genitalia to form
• in puberty, T levels increase, causing
  development
• of secondary sexual characteristics
• growth of testicles penis
• growth of bones, muscle, vocal cords, hair

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Female Reproductive System
Oviduct
Ovary
Cervix
Uterus
Bladder
Vagina
Rectum
Urethra
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Female Reproductive System
Ovary contains eggs and produces
hormones Oviduct / Fallopian tube conveys the
egg to uterus site of fertilization
Oviduct
Ovary
Cervix
Uterus
Bladder
Vagina
Rectum
Urethra
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Female Reproductive System
Uterus carries developing embryo Cervix
opening to uterus Vagina tract leading from
uterus to outside
Oviduct
Ovary
Cervix
Uterus
Bladder
Vagina
Rectum
Urethra
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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Prepares egg for
• fertilization and uterus
• for implantation

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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Prepares egg for
• fertilization and uterus
• for implantation
• Average 28 days (range
• 21-35)

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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Prepares egg for
• fertilization and uterus
• for implantation
• Average 28 days (range
• 21-35)
• Day 1 is first day of
• menstruation

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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Prepares egg for
• fertilization and uterus
• for implantation
• Average 28 days (range
• 21-35)
• Day 1 is first day of
• menstruation
• Controlled by hormones

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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Egg development
• Primary oocytes are present
• at birth develop to become
• eggs

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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Egg development
• Primary oocytes are present
• at birth develop to become
• eggs
• A follicle is a primary
• oocyte surrounding cells

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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Egg development
• Primary oocytes are present
• at birth develop to become
• eggs
• A follicle is a primary
• oocyte surrounding cells
• Each month, several follicles
• start to develop. The most
• developed one turns into the
• egg, the rest shrink.

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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Egg development (cont.)
• At ovulation, the follicle
• ruptures and egg is
• released.

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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Egg development (cont.)
• At ovulation, the follicle
• ruptures and egg is
• released.
• The follicle cells continue to
• grow and form corpus
• luteum

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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Egg development (cont.)
• At ovulation, the follicle
• ruptures and egg is
• released.
• The follicle cells continue to
• grow and form corpus
• luteum
• Corpus luteum produces
• estrogen progesterone

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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Egg development (cont.)
• At ovulation, the follicle
• ruptures and egg is
• released.
• The follicle cells continue to
• grow and form corpus
• luteum
• Corpus luteum produces
• estrogen progesterone
• If no pregnancy occurs,
• corpeus luteum degrades

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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Egg development (cont.)
• At ovulation, the follicle
• ruptures and egg is
• released.
• The follicle cells continue to
• grow and form corpus
• luteum
• Corpus luteum produces
• estrogen progesterone
• If no pregnancy occurs,
• corpeus luteum degrades

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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Endometrium development
• Lining of uterus
• Shed during menstruation
• Becomes thick and filled
• with blood vessels in
• preparation for
• implantation

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Female Hormones
Hormones involved with menstrual cycle
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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Hormonal control
• FSH stimulates follicule development estrogen
  secretion.

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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Hormonal control
• FSH stimulates follicule development estrogen
  secretion.
• Estrogen rises, making follicle more receptive to
  LH stimulating development of endometrium

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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Hormonal control
• FSH stimulates follicule development estrogen
  secretion.
• Estrogen rises, making follicle more receptive to
  LH stimulating development of endometrium
• Peak estrogen triggers LH production

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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Hormonal control
• LH peak causes ovulation and development of
  corpus luteum

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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Hormonal control
• LH peak causes ovulation and development of
  corpus luteum
• Corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone

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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Hormonal control
• LH peak causes ovulation and development of
  corpus luteum
• Corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone
• High progesterone thickens endometrium

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Female Menstrual Cycle

• Hormonal control
• LH peak causes ovulation and development of
  corpus luteum
• Corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone
• High progesterone thickens endometrium
• See animations http//www.sumanasinc.com/webcont
  ent/animations/content/ovarianuterine.html

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Female Hormones

• FSH
• stimulates follicle development
• stimulates estrogen production by follicle

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Female Hormones

• FSH
• stimulates follicle development
• stimulates estrogen production by follicle
• LH
• stimulates ovulation
• decreases estrogen production
• increases corpeus luteum growth (which produces
  
• progesterone)

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Female Hormones

• Estrogen
• Thickening of endometrium
• Increases receptors for FSH in follicle
• High levels inhibit FSH secretion and stimulate
  LH
• secretion

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Female Hormones

• Estrogen
• Thickening of endometrium
• Increases receptors for FSH in follicle
• High levels inhibit FSH secretion and stimulate
  LH
• secretion
• Progesterone
• Maintenance and thickening of endometrium
• Inhibition of FSH and LH secretion