Hydrocarbons

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Hydrocarbons
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Definition of a Hydrocarbon

• Contains only carbon and hydrogen
• Substances left in petroleum when acids and salts
  are removed
• Can be categorized as an Alkane, Alkene, or Alkyne

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Alkane Properties

• Generic Formula CnH2n2
• Single covalent bond between carbons
• Boiling Points - of carbons per
  molecules
• Boiling Points - branching of molecules

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Examples of Alkanes

• Methane - 1
• Ethane - 2
• Propane - 3
• Butane - 4
• Pentane - 5
• Hexane - 6

• Heptane - 7
• Octane - 8
• Nonane - 9
• Decane 10
• Undecane - 11
• Dodecane - 12

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Isomers

• Molecules having the same molecular formula, but
  different structural arrangements.
• i.e. - C7H16

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Isomers of Pentane
C-C-C-C-C
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Naming Alkanes

• Find longest chain

• Single bonds between carbons (-ane)
• Number carbons (Start from shortest)

1
2
3
4
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Naming Alkanes cont

• Name of branch of carbons added to chain
  (-yl) (i.e. 1 carbon branch methyl)

• Name branches from least to greatest of
  carbons

Practice Naming Alkanes
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Alkenes Properties

• Generic Formula CnH2n
• Hydrocarbon that contains a double covalent bond
• More chemically reactive than Alkanes
• Unsaturated hydrocarbon

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Examples of Alkenes

• Ethene
• Propene
• Butene
• Pentene
• etc

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Naming Alkenes
C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C

• Start numbering chain closest to double bond
• Give number of carbon that precedes double bond
• i.e. 1-butene
• Use same rules as naming alkanes

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Practice Naming Alkenes
4-methyl, 2-ethyl 1-pentene
2,3-dimethyl 1-pentene
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Alkynes Properties

• Generic Formula CnH2n-2
• Hydrocarbon that contains a triple covalent bond
• More chemically reactive than Alkanes and Alkenes
• Unsaturated hydrocarbon

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Examples of Alkynes

• Ethyne
• Propyne
• Butyne
• Propyne
• etc

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Naming Alkynes

• Same rules as naming alkenes

2,4-dimethyl 3-hexyne
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Credits

• http//www.nyu.edu/pages/mathmol/library/hydrocarb
  ons/
• http//pc65.frontier.osrhe.edu/hs/science/calkane.
  htm
• http//www.carlton.paschools.pa.sk.ca/chemical/equ
  ilibrium/buteneeq.htm
• http//www.chem.tamu.edu/class/fyp/mcquest/ch27.ht
  ml
• http//www.highgroundinc.com/trex.html