Hydrocarbons

1
Hydrocarbons Energy

• Also Known As
• The Stuff That
• Burns Real Fast
• Easy

2
What is a hydrocarbon?

• Hydrocarbons are organic molecules that only
  contain carbon and hydrogen atoms.
• Organic molecules are made of carbon (and usually
  hydrogen), they have energy, and are associated
  with living things.
• Carbon is the key element in all organic
  compounds especially the hydrocarbons. It forms
  the skeleton for all hydrocarbons look at
  butane below the carbons are the blue balls in
  the diagram that make up the spine of the
  structure.

3
Types of Hydrocarbons

• Hydrocarbons are also known as aliphatic
  compounds organic compounds that can be
  straight, linear chains or cyclical rings.
• There are three main categories of hydrocarbons
  within these linear and cyclic molecules
• Alkanes hydrocarbons that have only single
  bonds within the carbon chain.
• Alkenes hydrocarbons that have at least one
  double bond within the carbon chain.
• Alkynes hydrocarbons that have at least one
  triple bond within the carbon chain.
• An easy way to remember this is the A-E-Y rule
  they go alphabetically and numerically with
  respect to the bonds found between the carbons.

4
Naming Hydrocarbons

• Hydrocarbons are just like us they have a first
  and last name. These names are great because they
  actually describe the structure of the molecule.
• The first name indicates the number of carbons in
  the chain of carbons that makes up the
  hydrocarbon. This has to be the longest carbon
  chain possible within the structure.
• The second name tells you the category of
  hydrocarbon alkane, alkene or alkyne?

5
First Names of Hydrocarbons

• The first name (or prefix if you are an English
  teacher) tells you how many carbons are in the
  longest chain.
• Meth 1 Hex 6
• Eth 2 Hept 7
• Prop 3 Oct 8
• But 4 Non 9
• Pent 5 Dec 10
• This means that propane will have 3 carbons in
  its structure and that heptane will have 7
  carbons in its structure.
• The first four are toughI used to thinkME
  ETHyl went in a PROP plane and it was BUTiful.
  Thats awesome I came up with that all by
  myself too - I must be some sort of Jenius!!!
• If you just picked on me for spelling genius
  incorrectly you are the real jenius for missing
  the obvious sarcasmnice job Einstein!

6
The Last Name

• The last name (or suffix) tells you the type of
  hydrocarbon you have.
• If the name ends in
• ANE it is an alkane all single bonds between
  the carbon.
• ENE it is an alkene at least one double bond
  in the carbon chain.
• YNE it is an alkyne at least one triple bond
  in the carbon chain.
• This means that pentane, pentene and pentyne all
  have five carbons but pentane is all single
  bonds, pentene has at least one double bond and
  pentyne has at least one triple bond in the
  carbon chain somewhereBut where???

7
The Numbers Game

• Some hydrocarbons will have numbers in their
  name. These numbers tell you the position of
  special bond types or side groups that can be
  found on or within the larger carbon chain.
• Please note chemists are LAZY!!! They will
  always count from the end of the chain that will
  give them the lowest possible number
  combinations.
• You can start counting carbons from either end of
  the carbon chain to make it easier for you.
• This means that the carbon that starts off a
  double or triple bond, or a functional group,
  will be numbered to tell its position along the
  chain.
• Lazy! Lazy! Lazy! First the e on the end of
  mole and then thisWhat will they do next?!?!?!

8
Allow Myself To IntroduceMyself

• Nowlets use all of the names and numbers
  together
• Name the following hydrocarbons!...See the
  blackboard!

9

• THE END