The Marshall Plan

1
The Marshall Plan

• Faith Suzuki
• MWH B4
• Cold War Project
• Due 18th of May 2004

2
Other Cold War Events Occurring Simultaneously

• 1945 1947 The Iron Curtain
• March 1947 Truman Doctrine
• Sept. 1947 Cominform Established
• 1947- 1952 Marshall Plan
• 1948 1949 Division of Germany
  Berlin Situation
• 1949 1953 Korean War

3
What Happened?

• The Marshall Plan was created by American State
  of Secretary, George Marshall in the summer of
  1947 as an economic extension of the Truman
  Doctrine. (Lowe) Since World War II had left
  every European country ravaged, Marshall produced
  the Marshall Plan to aid countries both
  economically financially. By the end of summer,
  sixteen nations had plans or had started to use
  Marshall Aid, resulting in over 13 billion
  dollars granted (80) and lent (20) to Western
  Europe. Though it served to help Western Europe
  recover, it was also offered to those under
  Soviet occupation who never accepted any Marshall
  Aid. Marshalls efforts not only guaranteed
  markets for American exports helped make a
  significant recover but also prevented communism
  from gaining control of thriving nations.

4
Aspects of the Cold War

• The introduction of the Marshall Plan developed
  all three aspects of the Cold War but here we
  will see how it illustrated the Great Power
  strategic considerations. Though the Marshall
  Plan was not a plan for America and the American
  dollar to dominate the world, the Russians were
  well aware that, there was more to Marshall Aid
  than pure benevolence. (Lowe) The US understood
  that by helping Europe recover, they too could
  gain from this. In turn, Europe's purchase of
  U.S. goods and machinery brings many Marshall
  Plan dollars back into the American economy,
  fuelling a post-war boom. (Hashimoto) It also
  prevented communism from gaining control of
  Western Europe. Soon after, Stalin set up a
  similar system (Cominform Comecon) within the
  communist party, giving him a stronger grip on
  the European communist parties.

5
Key People

• George Marshall
• Founder of the Marshall Plan
• Stalin
• Head of the USSR leader of the
  Communists
• Various Leaders
• i.e. Austria, Greece, Turkey, Sweden, Italy
  France etc. who used the Marshall Plan for
  the recovery of agriculture industry

6
Images

• George Marshall (December 31, 1880-October 16,
  1959)
• A diplomat, he served as Secretary of State from
  1947 1949 and was responsible for writing the
  Marshall Plan. During his military years, he
  distinguished himself in an array of things. He
  also managed to build and direct the largest army
  in history.

7
Political Cartoon

• This political cartoon portrays the big
  question of whether the man pictured, Stalin, can
  block the Marshall Plan/ European Recovery Plan
  from interrupting his own plans for Europe.

8
Bibliography

• Truman Library. George C. Marshall Soldier of
  Peace. 14th of May 2004. http//www.trumanlibrary
  .org/marshall/
• Haberman, Frederick W. Nobel Lectures, Peace 1951
  1970. Elsevier Publishing Company. Amsterdam.
  1972. 14th of May 2004. http//www.nobel.se/peace
  /laureates/1953/marshall-bio.html
• Lipson, Charles. Turning Points of the Twentieth
  Century. 2001. 13th of May 2004.
  http//www.charleslipson.com/speechtopics/Turning-
  Points-of-the-Twentieth-Century.htm
• Lowe, Norman. Mastering Modern World History. 3rd
  Edition. The Marshall Plan. 1997.
• Hashimoto, John. Cold War Interactive The
  Marshall Plan. April 1999. 14th of May 2004.

9
Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? (Quiz)

• Who was the man who formed the Marshall Plan and
  what sort of man was he?
• What was the USSR reaction to the Marshall Plan?
• How much of the Marshall Plan were loans and how
  much were grants?
• Though it was not mentioned, what was the
  Marshall Plan also called?