Biosphere and Matter Cycles cont.. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Biosphere and Matter Cycles cont..

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... through the food chain until decomposers return the nitrogen to the soil. ... Soil to producer to herbivore to carnivore to decomposer and back to the soil. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Biosphere and Matter Cycles cont..


1
Biosphere and Matter Cycles cont..
  • Chapter 3

2
The Water Cycle
  1. 2/3 of the Earth is covered in water
  2. Water evaporates into the atmosphere.
  3. Transpiration is the evaporation of water out of
    plants.
  4. The water condenses, and then precipitates back
    down to the Earth.
  5. On the earth, the water runs through streams and
    rivers (runoff), and is absorbed into the ground.
    (seepage)
  6. The water is then either taken up by the roots of
    plants or makes its way to the ocean either
    above ground or below ground.

3
The Movement of Carbon
  • Carbon is found in all living things.
  • Carbohydrates provide energy and structure
  • Calcium Carbonate for bones
  • Carbon Dioxide plays a vital role in
    photosynthesis and respiration.

4
Carbons Involvement
  • Biological processes, such as photosynthesis,
    respiration, and decomposition take up and
    release Carbon and Oxygen.
  • Geochemical processes, such as erosion and
    volcanic activity release Carbon Dioxide to the
    atmosphere and oceans
  • Mixed Biogeochemical processes, such as the
    burial and decomposition of dead organisms and
    their conversion under pressure into coal and
    petroleum(oil), store Carbon underground.

5
Carbons involvement cont
  • Human activities, such as mining, cutting and
    burning forests, and burning fossil fuels,
    release Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere.

6
Nitrogen
  • All organisms require Nitrogen in order to form
    amino acids.
  • Nitrogen makes up 78 of our atmosphere.
  • Nitrogen can not be used directly.
  • It must first be changed into ammonia(NH3)
    through a chemical process called Nitrogen
    Fixation.

7
Nitrogen cont
  • Once Nitrogen has been fixed in the soil by
    bacteria or in the atmosphere by lightening, it
    is then taken up by producers.
  • The Nitrogen is used through the food chain until
    decomposers return the nitrogen to the soil.
  • Other soil bacteria, convert this ammonia back
    into nitrogen gas through denitrification.

8
Phosphorus
  • Phosphorus is part of the backbone of DNA
  • It is not abundant in the atmosphere, so it
    follows a simple cycle.
  • Soil to producer to herbivore to carnivore to
    decomposer and back to the soil.

9
Nutrient Limitation
  • Primary productivitythe rate at which organic
    matter is created by producers.
  • Limiting Nutrient the least abundant but
    necessary substance in an environment which
    determines how much life can exist.
  • Algal Bloomwhen aquatic ecosystems receive an
    enormous amount of a limiting nutrient.
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