The schedule of the lecture:

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The schedule of the lecture
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Polysaccharide Oligosaccharides
Disaccharides Monosaccharides
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A disaccharide, (dimer)
A monosaccharide, (monomer)
They can not be hydrolysed to form simpler
saccharides
They can be hydrolysed to simpler saccharides
A polysaccharide (polymer)
They can be hydrolysed to simpler saccharides
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Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides consists
from monosaccharides bound together by
O-glycosidic bonds
Lactose O-ß-D-galactopyranosyl-(1,4) D-
glucopyranose
0-7 - in milk depending on the species
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Milk intolerance(LACK OF THE LACTASE)
Infants normally have the intenstinal Lactase,
that hydrolyses
Absorption into bloodstream
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Polysaccharides Glycans
Homoglycans
Heteroglycans Glycosaminoglycans
Branched
Unbranched linear
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Polysaccharides
Amylose, cellulose, chitin
Agar, agarose, some pectins
Innulin
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Polysaccharides
Amylopectin, Glycogen
Agaropectin, some pectins in fruits
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Polysaccharides

• HOMOGLYCANS
• Structural polysaccharides
• Starch,
• glycogen,
• cellulose,
• chitin,
• agar

Storage polysaccharides
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Starch is mixture of glucans that plant
synthesises as their food reserve
Amylopectin
Amylose
Branched
Linear polymer, helically coiled

• Degradation of starch occurs in stages
• to dextrans (oligoglucans)
• to maltose
• to glucose

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a D-Glc
a D-Glc
Bonding a 1,4
Amylose linear, but twisted
Chain helically coiled
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Amylopectin, a branched glucan
Glucosidic bonding a D-Glc a D-Glc 1,4 a
D-Glc a D-Glc 1,6
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Branched homoglycanGlycogenAnimal
starchStorage polysaccharide of animals and
microbial cells

• Molecular mass 300 000 to millions Daltons
• Present in all cells, but is most prevalent in
  skeletal muscle and in liver.

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Glycogen is branched glucan, has more branched
points a D-Glc a D-Glc 1,6 than
amylopectin. Branch point every 8-12 glucose
residues. Oligomers a D-Glc a D-Glc 1,4 are
shorter.
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Glycogen granules in the cytoplasm of a liver
The granules of glycogen
has a tendency to aggregate
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In cells glycogen
can be degraded by phosphorylase
Glucose-1P
This process permit rapid mobilization of glucose
for metabolic use
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Cellulose the plant skeletal, linear
polysaccharide
Linkages -ß D-Glc (1,4 )- -ß D-Glc
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Organization of cellulose in
plant cell wall
Main constituent of the cell wall in most plants
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Cellulose Important in the manufacture of
numerous products, such as paper, textiles, pharm
aceuticals and explosives
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Chitin structural components of the
exoskeletons of invertebrates Homopolymer of
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
Linkages -ß D-GlcNAc (1,4) ß D-GlcNAc-
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Chitin is minor constituent in most fungi and
algae, where it often substitutes for cellulose
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• Agar is homopolymer of galactose, frequently
  sulphated
• Derive from marine plants algae
• Consists (like starch) from
• agaropectin and agarose
• Agarose can be used
• in microbiologic techniques
• for electrophoretic separation of DNA and
  proteins
• for preparing jelly

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Thank you for yours attention