Chapter 1 Section 1

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Chapter 1 - Section 1

• The First Humans
• Prehistory 3500 BCE

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BC vs. BCE

• B.C. Before Christ
• B.C.E. Before Common Era
• B.C. is the same as B.C.E.
• A.D. Anno Domini (The Year of Our Lord)
• C.E. Common Era
• A.D. is the same as C.E.

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Counting Years

• Years from BC to AD are counted down to 1 BC and
  then counted up to today
• Put the following dates in order, starting with
  the oldest date
• 27 BC, 35 AD, 1 BC, 7 BC, 19 AD, 28 BC

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Counting Years

• The answer is
• 28 BC
• 27 BC
• 7 BC
• 1 BC
• 19 AD
• 35 AD

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• Prehistory Time before writing
• Studying prehistory is hard because it depends on
  archeology and anthropology to learn about people
• Archeology is the study of the past based on
  stuff left behind

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• The stuff is known as artifacts, and can
  include anything from the lives of the people
• Tools
• Weapons
• Pottery
• Buildings
• Art

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REAL WORK
HOLLYWOOD
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• Anthropology is the study of humans and their
  cultures, or ways of life
• Anthropologists use artifacts and fossils to
  figure out how people lived
• Archeologists and anthropologists use many
  scientific methods to determine how old artifacts
  or fossils are (radiocarbon dating, DNA, etc.)

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CAUTION WHAT FOLLOWS DISCUSSES THE THEORY OF
EVOLUTION! BELIEVE WHATEVER YOU WANT!

• And dont ask me my opinion!

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• The first hominids (humanlike creatures that
  walked upright and used simple tools) were called
  australopithecines
• Came from eastern and southern Africa
• Flourished about 3-4 million years ago

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Australopithecines
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• Next came Homo erectus (upright human being) at
  1.5 million years ago
• Homo erectus was able to leave Africa after
  learning how to make fire

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Homo erectus
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• About 250,000 years ago, the third development
  was Homo sapiens (wise human being)
• There were two groups of Homo sapiens
• Homo sapiens sapiens (Wise, wise humans)
• Neanderthals

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• Neanderthals were found in Germany
• Used stone tools, buried their dead, worn pelts
  of animals they hunted
• By 30,000 years ago, the Neanderthals were
  extinct (disease, war?)

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Neanderthals
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• Homo sapiens sapiens spread out of Africa about
  100,000 years ago
• Migrated at about 2-3 miles per generation
• By 10,000 BC, Homo sapiens sapiens could be found
  throughout the world, except on Antartica

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Homo sapien sapien (with mullet)
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Neanderthal versus Homo sapiens sapiens
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• The time period from 2.5 million years ago until
  10,000 BC is called the Paleolithic Era (Old
  Stone Age)
• Everyone was a hunter or gatherer
• Everyone was nomadic
• Nomads have no permanent home and follow animals
  for food

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• Paleolithic hunters lived in tribes of 20-30
  people
• They eventually developed the spear and bow and
  arrow to improve hunting and the harpoon and
  fishhook for fishing

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• Paleolithic people used caves and teepee-like
  structures for shelter
• Around 100,000 BC, the last Ice Age hit and
  lasted until 8,000 BC
• Some of the Northern Hemisphere was covered in a
  sheet of ice miles high
• Most Homo sapiens sapiens were able to survive by
  adapting

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Ice Age Map
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• Even in prehistory, there was art
• At the Lascaux Caves in France nearly 300 cave
  paintings have been found
• At least 12,000 years old
• Used fingers, sticks, and brushes
• Painted in darkness, using lamps

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