Van der Waals

1
Dipole Int.
Van der Waals
Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds
2
Electrostatic Bonding
Ionic Bonding Dipole Interactions Hydrogen
Bonding
-1
NaF
1
No electrons are shared.
Ionic compounds form a crystalline solid.
3
Electrostatic Bonding
A molecule has a dipole if 1) the covalent
bonds are polar 2) the molecule has asymmetric
charge distribution.
Ionic Bonding Dipole Interactions Hydrogen
Bonding
d
d-
H Cl
e-
Cl
d-
H
d
e-
4
Electrostatic Bonding
Ionic Bonding Dipole Interactions Hydrogen
Bonding
Dipolar Interactions are the interactions between
the d and the d- from different molecules
(intermolecular interactions).
5
Electrostatic Bonding
Hydrogen bonding is a specific type of dipole
interactions. The H-bondis found primarily
between an oxygen or nitrogen atom and a
hydrogen bound to an oxygen or nitrogen.
Ionic Bonding Dipole Interactions Hydrogen
Bonding
6
Electrostatic Bonding
Hydrogen bonding is a specific type of dipole
interactions. The H-bond is found primarily
between an oxygen or nitrogen atom and a
hydrogen bound to an oxygen or nitrogen.
Ionic Bonding Dipole Interactions Hydrogen
Bonding
Will form H bonds
O
C
Do not form H bonds
C
O
Acetic acid
7
Electrostatic Bonding
Hydrogen bonding is a specific type of dipole
interactions. The H-bond is found primarily
between an oxygen or nitrogen atom and a
hydrogen bound to an oxygen or nitrogen.
Ionic Bonding Dipole Interactions Hydrogen
Bonding
or
O
C
N
C
C
O
8
Dispersive Bonding hydrophobic interactions Van
der Waals forces
Butane C4H10
9
Covalent Bond Formation
Lewis Dot Structures
H0
H0
e-
H
H


e-
H
H
H
H
e-
H2


e-
10
The Octet Rule
H
H
H
H
Methane, CH4 Carbon dioxide,
CO2 Fluoride Ion, F-
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
H
H
C
H
11
The Octet Rule
H
H
H
H
Methane, CH4 Carbon dioxide,
CO2 Fluoride Ion, F-
C
H
H
C
H
H
O
O
O
O
C
C
O
O
C
-1
F
1
F
12
Organic Chemistry the study of Carbon
containing compounds
13
Organic Molecules Have a 3-Dimensional Shape
Carbons w/ 4 single bonds ? tetrahedral geometry
14
Differences in Organic Compounds
Polar Bonds
Multiple Bonds
15
Differences in Organic Compounds ? Functional
Groups
16
(No Transcript)
17
Different Conformations of Butane
18
IUPAC Rules for Nomenclature
19
IUPAC Rules for Nomenclature

• Select the longest continuous chain of carbon
  atoms. This will determine the root of the name.

5 carbon 5 carbon
7 carbon pent___ pent____
hept____
20
IUPAC Rules for Nomenclature
2. Determine the class (by the functional
group(s)) and add the suffix.
5 carbon 5 carbon
7 carbon pentane pentane
heptane
21
IUPAC Rules for Nomenclature
4. Name the branching groups (side chains).
4 5 6 7
3 2 1
3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5
4 5
3-methylpentane
2,3-dimethyl heptane
3-methylpentane
22
IUPAC Rules for Nomenclature
of C root group suffix
1 meth alkane ane 2
eth sidechain
yl 3 prop 4 but 5
pent 6 hex
7 hept 8
oct 9 non 10
dec
number prefix 1 ----- 2
di 3 tri 4
tetra
23
Name The Organic Compound
1 2 3 4
C4H10
n-butane
1
3
2
C5H12
2,2-dimethylpropane
6
7
8
5
9
2,4,4,7-tetramethylnonane
C12H26
3
2
4
1
24
Draw the Condensed Structure
2-methylhexane 2-methyl-3,4-diethyldecane
4-propyloctane
25
Conformations versus Isomers
How can these be the same?
3 2 1
Different conformations
1 2 3 4 5
4 5
3-methylpentane
3-methylpentane
And this be different?
Different isomers
2,3-dimethylbutane
26
Table 11.4 Names of Alkanes
of C atoms name Structure of the normal
isomer 1 methane CH4
2 ethane CH3CH3 3 propane
CH3CH2CH3 4 butane CH3CH2CH2CH3
5 pentane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
6 hexane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
7 heptane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
8 octane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
9 nonane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
10 decane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
27
Common Alkyl Groups
Parent Structure of Name of alkane the
alkyl group alkyl group methane CH3 methyl
ethane CH3CH2 ethyl propane CH3CH2
CH2 propyl ? CH3CH CH3
isopropyl butane CH3CH2CH2CH2 butyl
? CH3CH2CH CH3
sec-butyl isobutane
CH3 isobutyl ? CH3CH CH2
CH3 t-butyl ? CH3CH
CH3 ?